BACKGROUND/AIM Clofarabine is transported into leukemic cells via the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT) 1 and 2 and the concentrative nucleoside transporter (hCNT) 3, then phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) to an active triphosphate metabolite. Cytarabine uses hENT1 and dCK for its activation. We hypothesized that cytarabine-resistant leukemi...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the respiratory systems of male and female rats maintained in individually ventilated cages (IVCs) from birth until adulthood. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were housed in individually ventilated cages or conventional cages (CCs) and mated with male Wistar rats. After birth and weaning, the male offspring were separated from the females and kept in cages of the same type ...

Laboratory animal well-being can be improved by housing the animals in species-specific natural or near-to-natural environments. An enriched environment may have a similar effect on chickens. The purpose of this study was to examine if housing environment (furnished cages vs. battery cages) effects the well-being of laying hens. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old non-beak-trimmed White Leghorn W-36...

Enumeration of chiral isomers of substituted fullerene cages (CZO-C~O) is considered using the generalized character cycle index (GCCI) of the alternating representation of the point group of the parent cage. It is shown that there are no chiral isomers for the monosubstituted CZO, c24, C28, C30, c36, and CW fullerene cages but there are chiral isomers for other monosubstituted cages. All cages...

The electronic correlations on a C20 molecule, as described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian with a nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction of strength V , are studied using quantum Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization methods. For electron-doped C20, it is known that pair binding arising from a purely electronic mechanism is absent within the standard Hubbard model (V = 0). Here we show that t...

During growth (from 27 to 75 days of age), 384 rabbits were kept in different types of wire-net cages: 72 individual cages (72 rabbits; 10 animals/m2), 48 bicellular cages (96 rabbits; 2 rabbits/cage; 18 animals/m2) and 24 collective cages (216 rabbits; 9 rabbits/cage; 18 animals/m2). The rabbits housed in individual cages showed higher daily weight gain both during the fattening period (from 5...

BACKGROUND Serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are correlated with pathological status, and change in serum FFA levels may be associated with thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 664 serum samples from 322 healthy controls, 129 patients with benign thyroid disease (BTD), and 213 patients with thyroid cancer (TC) were collected. Chip-based direct-infusion nanoelectrospray-mass spec...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mobilization of individual fatty acids from human white fat cells. Mammary adipose tissue from eight healthy non-obese women in their normal dietary state was collected, and isolated adipocytes were incubated with lipolytic agents. The mobilization of 34 individual fatty acids was measured by comparing the composition of non-esterified f...

Fatty acid composition in membranes plays an important role in cellular processes and has shown to be associated with the aetiology of several complex diseases in humans. We report strong associations between variants in the human delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase genes FADS1 FADS2 and fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids. Eighteen polymorphisms located in this gene cluster were genotyped...