a general, mild and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of esters and thioesters. the process has been taking place using tetra n-butylammonium iodide (tbai) as a phase-transfer catalyst and in the presence of potassium carbonate (k2co3). a wide range of esters and thioesters was prepared in high yields and suitable times by the treatment of alcohols, phenols and thiols with...

Groundwater is prime and major source of drinking water in our world. Jharkhand also used for drinking, domestic, irrigation, mining industrial etc. purposes. In some population are suffering from scarcity pure have partial facility with as groundwater many area contaminated fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals iron dangerous chemicals. This review paper focuses on current status contamination diffe...

CONTEXT Hyperphosphatemia has an important role in the development of bone and mineral abnormalities in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). OBJECTIVE To compare the phosphorus binding power and the hypercalcemic effect of calcium acetate and calcium carbonate in hemodialysis patients. TYPE OF STUDY Crossover, randomized, double-blind study. PLACE A private hospital dialysis center. PARTICIP...

Introduction In this phase III, open-label, single-arm, multi-center 12-week study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sucroferric oxyhydroxide (PA21) and calcium carbonate for hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Methods We enrolled 35 subjects aged ≥ 20 years with end-stage kidney disease and serum phosphorus 3.5-6.0 mg/dl who were undergoing hemodialy...

one of the ordinary methods to protect, rehabilitate, and enhance an ecosystemfunction in arid and semi-arid areas of the world is sand dune stabilization using biologicalpractices. plantation of species on the soil plays a great role in sustainable management ofthe ecosystem. this research studies the effects of cultivation of haloxylon ammodendronand atriplex canescens on physical-chemical ch...

A general, mild and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of esters and thioesters. The process has been taking place using tetra n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) as a phase-transfer catalyst and in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3). A wide range of esters and thioesters was prepared in high yields and suitable times by the treatment of alcohols, phenols and thiols with...

Four self-assembled monolayer surfaces terminated with -COOH, -OH, -NH2 and -CH3 functional groups are used to direct the biomineralization processes of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in low Ca(2+) concentration, and the mechanism of nucleation and initial crystallization within 12 h was further explored. On -COOH surface, nucleation occurs mainly via ion aggregation mechanism while prenucleation io...

A solution-phase route has been considered as the most promising route to synthesize noble nanostructures. A majority of their synthesis approaches of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are based on either using fungi or the CO2 bubbling methods. Here, we approached the preparation of nano-precipitated calcium carbonate single crystal from salmacis sphaeroides in the presence of zwitterionic or cationic...

primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a familial channelopathy inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. the first attack of paralysis may be evolved at any age, but has been reported to be most common in the second decade, so that some authorities believe that an episodic weakness beginning after age 25 is almost never due to primary periodic paralysis. in this retrospective study, we revi...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solution was used to investigate native nacre of the marine snail Haliotis laevigata on the microscopic scale and the interaction of purified nacre proteins with calcium carbonate crystals on the nanoscopic scale. These investigations were controlled by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (LM) and biochemical methods. For investigations ...