Direct prediction error identiication of systems operating in closed loop may lead to biased results due to the correlation between the input and the output noise. We study this error, what factors aaect it and how it may be avoided. In particular, the role of the noise model is discussed and we show how the noise model should be parameterized to avoid the bias. Apart from giving important insi...

We analyze minimum rate of return guarantees for life insurance (investment) contracts and pension plans with a smooth surplus distribution mechanism. We specifically model the smoothing mechanism used by most Danish life insurance companies and pension funds. The annual distribution of bonus will be based on this smoothing mechanism after taking the minimum rate of return guarantee into accoun...

Contradictory results have been reported regarding the accuracy of various methods used to assess student learning in higher education. The current study examined student learning outcomes across a multi-section and multiinstructor psychology research course with both indirect and direct assessments in a sample of 67 undergraduate students. The indirect method measured student perceived knowled...

PURPOSE This pilot study compared the clinical endpoints of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments on calculus removal. The null hypothesis stated that there is no statistically significant difference in calculus removal between the 2 instruments. METHODS A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was used. Eighteen participants were included. The magnetostrictive a...