During outbreaks, locust swarms can contain millions of insects travelling thousands of kilometers while devastating vegetation and crops. Such large-scale spatial organization is preceded locally by a dramatic density-dependent phenotypic transition in multiple traits. Behaviourally, low-density 'solitarious' individuals avoid contact with one another; above a critical local density, they unde...

The population total length (LT) structures and individual growth trajectories for three stream living pike Esox lucius populations were studied for 7 years. All three populations exhibited small variation in both population LT structure and individual growth trajectories over time. These dynamics contrasted to the much more variable population LT structure of perch Perca fluviatilis studied pr...

Monogynous males in various species actively limit themselves to mating with a single female in their lifetime. Whereas previous models have considered monogyny as an obligate mating strategy, here we explore the potential of monogyny to evolve as a context-specific (conditional) behavior. Using a state-dependent dynamic game model based on the biology of the cannibalistic spider Argiope bruenn...

Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure (Coleeptera: Coccinellidae), is a biological control agent imported for management of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand. In mass rearing S. tsugae, accurate estimation of egg numbers is important because larvae are cannibalistic, especially at higher densities. To determine the most accurate means of estimating egg production, three brands of ...

A simple nonlinear discrete model is derived for the dynamics of a two-age class population consisting of juveniles and adults that includes cannibalism of juveniles by adults. The model is investigated analytically and numerically. It is shown how even this very simple model, by incorporating the negative and positive feedbacks due to cannibalism, can account for several important phenomena co...

Pigs reared in intensive production systems often express abnormal cannibalistic behaviours, such as tail biting (Schroder-Peterson & Simonsen, 2001). The occurrence of tail biting is difficult to predict but is believed to arise from several complex factors, particularly lack of environmental enrichment as well as inadequate food intake (Moinard et al., 2002; EFSA, 2007). The presence of canni...