A combined study of the crystalline structure, the chemical interaction, and diffusion processes of the substrate/layer interface of amorphous-carbon hard coatings is presented. The structure of the coatings and their gradient layer interface to a chromium buffer layer has been investigated on two substrates @Si~100! and tool steel# using x-ray diffraction ~XRD!. Chemical interaction and diffus...

The use of multilayer coated carbide tool in hard turning has several advantages over grinding process such as; reduction of processing costs, increased productivity, short cycle time, compatible surface roughness and less enviornment problems without the use of cutting fluid. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of multilayer coated carbide inserts during ...

The surface roughness and material removal is investigated in electrorheological (ER) fluid-assisted polishing of tungsten carbide die. In this study, the microstructure of fibrous columns formed by particles perpendicular to the electrodes is observed by CCD when the electrical field is applied. The distribution of the electric field strength on the surface of workpiece was analyzed by ANSYS a...

The purpose of this article is to investigate the influences of carbon fibers on the fracture mechanism of carbon fibers both in macroscopic view and microscopic view by using single-point flying cutting method. Cutting tools with three different materials were used in this research, namely, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tool, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond thin film coated carbide too...

The dulling of cemented carbide cutting tools after milling five African wood species was studied. The wood specimens investigated varied in high temperature corrosivity (HTC), hard mineral contamination (HMC), and density (D). Attempts to replace the combustion method of evaluating the content of natural HMC in wood with spectral mass analysis methods, such as energy dissipative spectrum (EDAX...

BACKGROUND The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been used successfully across diverse cultural settings. However, a recent study found poor validity in detecting postnatal common mental disorders (CMD) in rural Ethiopia. Using similar methodology, the study was replicated in the capital, Addis Ababa. METHODS Semantic, content and criterion validity of EPDS, Kessler Scale-6 (K6)...

Noteworthy results have been obtained in the turning and drilling of hardened high-strength steels using tungsten carbide based cutting tools. In a finish turning process, it was seen that surface roughness and tool flank wear followed very different trends against cutting time. The suggested explanation for this behaviour is that the profile cut into the workpiece surface is determined by the ...

Like most organisms, Drosophila embryos develop in relation to two orthogonal axes, the anteroposterior and dorsoventral. These two axes are established by four independent systems of maternal information. Mutations in any system disrupt either the anteroposterior or the dorsoventral patterning of the embryo but never affect the orthogonal orientation of the axes relative to each other. Here we...