The aim of this case report was to describe the surgical sequence of crown lengthening to apically reposition the dentogingival complex, in addition to an esthetic restorative procedure. Many different causes can be responsible for short clinical crown. In these cases, the correct execution of a restorative or prosthetic rehabilitation requires an increasing of the crown length. According to th...

The purpose of this review is to outline the most common objections about robotic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), often expressed by cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and administrators who have little direct knowledge of the procedure. The summarized objections include the high intraoperative costs of robotic versus traditional CABG, a prolonged and difficult learning curve for members of ...

Any definition of old age is arbitrary and influenced by several factors, but cultural background and national retirement policies are often dominant. The so called " elderly " are a heterogeneous population whose age span covers three decades or more. The over 65 age group in Eng-land and Wales are projected to increase by 8% for the period 1991–2031, 1 but over this 40 year span the projected...

BACKGROUND Patients with single ventricle physiology are at increased anesthetic risk when undergoing noncardiac surgery. OBJECTIVE To review the outcomes of anesthetics for patients with single ventricle physiology undergoing noncardiac surgery. METHODS This study is a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent a palliative procedure for single ventricle physiology between Ja...

Although the efficacy of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is well established for open-heart surgery, application of ECC in other surgical areas has not been given much attention. Advances in the related surgical technique and anesthetic management combined with refinements in the ECC procedure itself have encouraged several institutions to use ECC for complex non-cardiac surgeries. ECC is begi...

THE RECENT advancement of cardiac surgery with the use of whole-body perfusion makes necessary an accurate anatomic diagnosis not only of the chief cardiac malformations for which the surgical procedure may be undertaken but of associated defects as well. The problems of diagnosis and surgieal management of the combination of a defeet of the intraventricular septum and aortic incompetence have ...

outflow obstruction, is rare, and the presence of 2 myxomas originating in the right ventricle involving both right ventricular inflow and outflow tract has never been reported. Symptoms may be variable and are determined by the tumor location and size. Inflow or outflow obstruction, embolism, syncopal episodes, and arrhythmias are the most common. After the diagnosis of acute right ventricular...

Using a novel noninvasive, visible-light optical diffusion oximeter (T-Stat VLS Tissue Oximeter; Spectros Corporation, Portola Valley, CA) to measure the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) of the buccal mucosa, the correlation between StOz and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) was examined in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing a cardiac surgical procedure. Paired StO...

Echocardiographic assessment prior to valve surgery is crucial for clinical decision making, timing of surgery, planning the adequate surgical therapy and predicting the patient's outcome. Description of transvalvular velocities is not enough for sending a patient to the operating room. There are specific functional and morphological characteristics of each valve dysfunction that have to be add...