The motor cortex assumes an increasingly important role in higher mammals relative to that in lower mammals. This is true to such an extent that the human motor cortex is deeply involved in reflex regulation and it is common to speak of "transcortical reflex loops." Such loops appear to add flexibility to the human stretch reflex, once considered to be immutable, allowing it to adapt across a r...

Soleus H-reflex tests are used for elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms in motor control. The cumulative vibratory inhibition of the soleus H-reflex, the ratio of the reflex to direct muscle potential (H to M ratio) and the recovery curve of the soleus H-reflex were studied in 38 patients with varying signs of the upper motor neuron syndrome for a possible relation with clinical features. ...

Prominent monosynaptic and disynaptic reflex discharges characterize ipsilateral reflex transmission in the third sacral segment. Convergence upon the motoneurons from the two sides of the body is inhibitory, that through disynaptic paths excitatory. The relative latencies of excitation and inhibition of reflex responses, of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials, and of various aspects ...

BACKGROUND Reflex anuria is an uncommon cause for acute renal failure, which occurs almost always after manipulation or irritation to kidneys, ureter, bladder or other pelvic organs. CASE PRESENTATION Here we describe a case of acute renal failure due to reflex anuria following acute cardiac event. This patient had background history of urolithiasis. In the absence of other pre renal, renal o...

Temporary dysphagia affects up to 50% of stroke patients in the acute stage their illness and often necessitates tube feeding. In these patients, placing nasogastric tubes is difficult or impossible. This study evaluated efficiency tolerability a previously described new method for placing, which utilises induction swallowing reflex has therefore been called “reflex placement”. 14 16 whom conve...

The jaw-stretch reflex is the short-latency response in the jaw-closing muscles after a sudden stretch. The hypothesis whether normalization of the jaw-stretch reflex amplitude with respect to prestimulus electromyographic (EMG) activity will make the amplitude more independent of the location of the electrodes over the masseter muscle was tested. A 5 x 6 electrode grid was used to record the j...

CONTEXT Irvin M. Korr, PhD, hypothesized that sensitivity of the monosynaptic stretch reflex (ie, deep tendon reflex) plays a major role in the restriction-of-motion characteristic of somatic dysfunction, and that restoration of range of motion through osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) could be achieved by resetting of the stretch receptor gain. OBJECTIVE To test Korr's hypothesis in t...

Objectives: One of the most common and disabling complications that affects individuals with spinal cord injury is spasticity. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of agonist and antagonist electrical stimulations on triceps surae muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with spinal cord injury were considered for the study. They were...

Autograft is gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve repair up to now. Eggshell membrane (ESM) as nerve guide channel effectively enhances nerve regeneration. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DMSO+eggshell membrane guide channel on sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Thirty two adult male rats ...