Electrotherapy is a form of rehabilitative treatment where electrical stimulation is used as a form of therapy. Examples of electrotherapy date back to 2500 BC with stone carvings in tombs in ancient Egypt showing patients being treated with catfish capable of producing an electrical charge. Microcurrent therapy, also called “microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation” (MENS) is one of s...

The Westminster Retable is a work of art occupying a central position in late thirteenth century painting in Europe. It is 3.4m long, 1m high and about 0.1m thick and consists of an oak support which carries numerous decorative and structural features and materials including: wood carvings, paintings, glass, dowels, metal, stone and vellum. During the restoration process it is necessary to cond...

nameh-ye_khosravan is a work of jalal al-din mirza, son of fath ali shah qajar, which was written during the reign of naser al-din shah qajar. in accordance to this era’s way of thinking, the illustrated manuscript of the nameh-ye khosravan is characteristically written in persian script, the arabic words and vocabularies are removed from it and the kings of the pre-islamic era of iran are illu...

abstractone of the methods for communications with various people's culture and art is to understand their views and beliefs as well as possible. in many cases, such beliefs appear in the forms of motifs and pictures drawn on artworks and historical-cultural artifacts; therefore, recognition of these patterns is of great importance in this regard. the meander pattern is one of such motifs ...

with the development of the silk road in early islam, the pottery art of northern and north-eastern parts of iran were affected by imported chinese pottery. at that time, the most common way of glaze decoration in china was a method called “sancai” which found its way to iran through this business route and became a source of imitation for iranian artists. in this technique, known as glaze, the...

Abstract The field of bioaesthetics seeks to understand how modern humans may have first developed art appreciation and is informed by considering a broad range fields including painting, sculpture, music the built environment. In recent times there has been diverse communication media representing bees, such work often linked growing concerns about potential bee declines due variety factors na...

Lombok Island is an island located in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara, one tourist destinations that attracts tourists who are famous for their natural beauty and culture. One cultural heritages on woven cloth craft, which indigenous crafts Lombok, but forum promotion marketing still does not represent culture Sasak tribe surrounding environment, such as lack use ornamentation, characteristi...

The spectacular art of the Grotte Chauvet stands out among all other examples of Aurignacian art, which are restricted to a handful of sites in other regions of western and Central Europe, which take the form of sophisticated carvings on organic materials and of simple engravings on rockshelter walls. Given its sophistication, Chauvet has understandably come to feature prominently in debates as...

A production experiment with 1600 potentially ambiguous utterances distinguished by word boundary location in Catalan and Spanish (e.g., Cat. mirà batalles ‘(s)he looked at battles’ vs. mirava talles ‘I/(s)he used to look at carvings’; Span. da balazos ‘(s)he fires shots’ vs. daba lazos ‘I/(s)he gave ribbons’; stressed syllables are underlined) was undertaken. Results revealed strong (and stati...

Abstract Water seepage in grotto relics, i.e., Yungang Grottoes, Dazu Rock Carvings, is a key issue to accurately describe the deterioration and weathering process of rock mass. Considering rainfall infiltration, Finite element simulation was performed for studying water flow through macro-channel fractured 4th cave where group joints with directions S62°E N5°W are widely developed. A 3D atom-b...