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Introduction Perhaps, the most exciting equine discovery of the 20th century was that the Caspian is not a pony, but an ancient breed of miniature horse, previously believed to have been extinct for over a thousand years. These animals native of the areas around the Elborz Mountains and Caspian Sea in Iran, are extremely rare and were rescued from extinction in 1965 by an American L.FIROUSE [11...

The aim of this research was to measure the relative efficiency of forest management plans in north of Iran. In order to fulfill the research, data of 12 forest management plans were collected from the financial balance sheets of Shafaroud Forest Company during a ten years period. First of all, basic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models (BCC and CCR) were used to determine the efficiency. The...

The Caspian lizard (Darevskia caspica) is a recently described endemic of the Hyrcanian forests Northern Iran. paper presents new data on reproductive biology D. caspica obtained in laboratory conditions. Breeding females have body length 53.4– 64.4 mm and mass 2.96–3.60 g. Females produce from one to three clutches per season, each which contains 1–6 eggs. these eggs 10.35–13.95 mm, width 6.19...

The predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi has extended its range over the past decade from the Ponto-Caspian basin into the Baltic Sea and the Laurentian Great Lakes. This study employs mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis to elucidate the invasion corridors exploited during this range expansion. The Caspian and Black Sea populations of C. pengoi exhibit marked genetic divergence, enabl...