the effects of electronic properties of inner and outer surfaces of carbon nano tubes (cnts) on the deactivation of cobalt fischer-tropsch (ft) catalysts were studied. the comparative characterization of the fresh and used catalysts by tem, xrd, tpr, bet and h2 chemisorption showed that cobalt re-oxidation, cobalt-support interactions and sintering are the main sources of catalyst deactivation....

A novel CuBi2O4 consisting of self-assembled spherical nanocolumn arrays (CuB-H) was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. It was further modified by controlling the Cu:Bi ratio during synthesis to become an efficient bi-functional catalyst (CuB-2.5) activate persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for 1H-benzotriazole (BTZ) removal. Characterization of CuB-2.5 using XRD, 10 FESEM, ...

The ruthenium-tris-bipyridyl dication as catalyst combined with the ascorbate dianion as bioavailable sacrificial donor provides the first regenerative source of hydrated electrons for chemical syntheses on millimolar scales. This electron generator is operated simply by illumination with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) running at its normal repetition rate. Much more detailed informa...

Biodiesel derived from renewable plant sources is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids which fall in the carbon range C12-C22. It has similar properties as mineral diesel. Various processes exist to convert vegetable oils (mainly triglycerides) into biodiesel. Transesterification of vegetable oils using alcohol in a catalytic environment is most commonly used method for producing biodiese...

Three kinds of HZSM-5 nanoparticles with different acidity were tailored by impregnating MgO or varying Si/Al ratios. Both the textural and acidic properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Fourier transform infr...

A noble-metal-free photocatalytic H2 production system consisting of a Ni-based catalyst, visible-light-responsive organic dye, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a support has been developed. Characterization by means of XAFS revealed that the deposition of a trinuclear Ni precursor complex, Ni(NiL2)2Cl2 (L = β-mercaptoethylamine), on the g-C3N4 affords a monomeric Ni(ii) species involvi...

Heavy oil and bitumen are a potential alternative energy source to conventional light crude. However, recovery of these resources can have substantial environmental impact. Downhole upgrading offers the prospect of both improving recovery, and decreasing environmental impact. However, use of catalysts to enhance downhole upgrading is limited by the need for one that can survive the extreme coki...