The development of lithium–air batteries is plagued by a high potential gap (>1.2V) between charge and discharge, and poor cyclability due to the drastic phase change of O2 (gas) and O (condensed phase) at the cathode during battery operations. Here we report a cathode consisting of nanoscale amorphous lithia (nanolithia) confined in a cobalt oxide, enabling charge/discharge between solid Li2O/...

A comprehensive mathematical model of the performance of the cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with syngas fuel is presented. The model couples the intricate interdependency between the ionic conduction, electronic conduction, gas transport, the electrochemical reaction processes in the functional layers and on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, methane steam reforming (MSR) and...

The ability to accurately measure separate in situ anode and cathode overpotentials and impedance responses is still a source of debate when investigating fuel cells of planar configuration containing < 100 μm thickness solid electrolytes and when using the common three electrode arrangement. The results obtained in this study indicate that the overpotentials and impedances of the anode and cat...

An experimental investigation of the operating characteristics of 3.2 mm diameter orificed hollow cathodes was conducted to examine low-current and low flow rate operation. Cathode power was minimized with low orifice aspect ratio and the use of an enclosed keeper. Cathode flow rate requirements were proportional to orifice diameter and the inverse of the orifice length. Cathode temperature pro...

Electron emission from ferroelectric cathodes is investigated, it is commonly suggested as an electron source for different applications due to its special characteristics such as high current density, easy treatment, and operation. In this experimental research, a lifetime of lead zirconate-titanate ceramic cathode with composition related to a ferroelectric phase was studied. The strong plasm...

The transport of three gas species, O2, H2O and N2, through the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is studied numerically. The diffusion of the individual species is modeled via the Maxwell–Stefan equations, coupled with appropriate conservation equations. Two mechanisms are assumed for the internal energy sources in the system: a volumetric heat source due to the electrical ...

Sustainable cathode development has been a challenge for the emerging microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. This study presents a simple catholyte called sodium percarbonate to serve as a new type of electron acceptor for MFCs. Lab scale comparisons showed sodium percarbonate cathode obtained comparable power density (9.6W/m(3)) with traditional air-cathode and potassium ferricyanide, but perca...

I t has been recognised that a major factor which affects the current efficiency in the commercial electrolytic cells for magnesium is the wettability of the cathode surface with respect to magnesium and the ability of the metal deposited to grow into a considerable size on cathode surface before getting released from it. Factors affecting these and studies to improve the wettability have alrea...

Rechargeable metal-air batteries are considered a promising energy storage solution owing to their high theoretical energy density. The major obstacles to realising this technology include the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution on the cathode (air electrode) upon battery discharging and charging, respectively. Here, we report non-precious metal oxide catalysts based on spinel-type ...

The first of these articles deals with oxide-coated cathodes designed to be loaded with current densities several times higher than ordinary oxide-coated cathodes can withstand, and which yet have a life of a few thousand hours. Although these new cathodes cannot rival the L type of dispenser cathode as regards their permissible current density, they are cheaper and have a lower operating tempe...