With a handful of measurements of limb-darkening coefficients, galactic microlensing has already proven to be a powerful technique for studying atmospheres of distant stars. Survey campaigns such as OGLE-III are capable of providing ∼ 10 suitable target stars per year that undergo microlensing events involving passages over the caustic created by a binary lens, which last from a few hours to a ...

An experimental set-up of the method of caustics was proposed for the accurate evaluation of stress intensity factor. The stress intensity factor evaluation was based on a new formula which was based on the caustic shape area. The new formula was based on the shape area of the caustics. The stress optical constants were evaluated according to the new formula of the stress intensity factor. The ...

Among all galactic microlensing events, those involving a passage of the observed source star over the caustic created by a binary lens are particularly useful in providing information about stellar atmospheres, the dynamics of stellar populations in our own and neighbouring galaxies, and the statistical properties of stellar and sub-stellar binaries. This paper presents a comprehensive guide f...

A caustic is an envelope of a family of rays of geometrical optics. At a caustic, the usual equations of geometrical optics are not valid. We give a formal asymptotic series, valid both near and away from a smooth caustic, which satisfies the differential equation exactly. In the case of high-frequency oscillations, the solution is represented in terms of the Airy function and its derivative. T...

We present a method to analyze binary-lens microlensing light curves with one well-sampled fold caustic crossing. In general, the surface of χ shows extremely complicated behavior over the 9-parameter space that characterizes binary lenses. This makes it difficult to systematically search the space and verify that a given local minimum is a global minimum. We show that for events with well-moni...

We present the lightcurves of 21 gravitational microlensing events from the first six years of the MACHO Project gravitational microlensing survey which are likely examples of lensing by binary systems. These events were manually selected from a total sample of ∼ 350 candidate microlensing events which were either detected by the MACHO Alert System or discovered through retrospective analyses o...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in membrane surface properties and solute separation by a nanofiltration membrane during repetitive membrane fouling and chemical cleaning. Secondary treated effluent and model fouling solutions containing humic acids, sodium alginate, or silica colloids were used to simulate membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning was carried out using a commercial...

Axisymmetric toroidal wave fronts are pertinent to the near forward and backward scattering by objects that have rotational symmetry. For spheres, the wave field produced by such a wave front is known as glory scattering. As the wave front propagates, ome porton of it becomes focused on an axis, forming a structurally unstable line caustic. A specific lass of harmonic perturbations of the wave ...

BACKGROUND Ingestion of caustic substances is a medical emergency in both the adult and pediatric population and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The extent of injuries after ingestion of caustic substances depends on the nature, amount, and concentration of the agent and on the exposure time. Acutely, caustic substances may cause massive hemorrhage and gastrointestinal tract pe...

We simulate the growth of isolated dark matter haloes from self-similar and spherically symmetric initial conditions. Our N-body code integrates the geodesic deviation equation in order to track the streams and caustics associated with individual simulation particles. The radial orbit instability causes our haloes to develop major-to-minor axis ratios approaching 10 to 1 in their inner regions....