Neutrino interactions recorded in a 5.1 fiducial kiloton-year exposure of the Soudan-2 iron tracking calorimeter are analyzed for effects of neutrino oscillations. Using contained single track and single shower events, we update our measurement of the atmospheric νµ/νe ratio-of-ratios and find R = 0.68 ± 0.11 ± 0.06. Assuming this anomalously low R-value is the result of νµ flavor disappearance...

As the market for renewable integration is expected to grow, there an increasing interest in excavated rock caverns as a solution overcome limitations of conventional CAES that use solution-mined salt caverns. One major challenges ensuring air tightness and pressure resistance performance lined-rock (LRCs). To address this, we reviewed research on several key aspects, including tightness, groun...

See related article, pages 3222–3230. Since the introduction of noninvasive imaging tools roughly 30 years ago, vascular malformations of the brain have attracted increasing interest. Among them, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) appear to be the most frequently diagnosed entity with current prevalence estimates ranging from 100 to 500 cases per 100 000 in the general population.1 They may...

The oldest known spatially-explicit archaeological excavation, conducted in Brixham cave, Devon, in 1858, is reconstructed using geographic information systems technology. Two dimensional plots of individual fossil taxa and flint artefacts demonstrate the utility of the technique for elucidating taphonomy and palaeobiology.The cave served as a den for hibernating brown bears, as a den for hyena...

Global shipping activity emits significant amounts of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions, estimated to be around 2-3% total global emissions. Studies have been made for hydrogen refuelling hubs in the Pacific area, container ships, that are worst polluting sources oceans. The present paper will show an idea creating such using salt cavern storage Black Sea, and also other offshore places where geol...