Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles has been shown capable of delivering large molecules to the brain parenchyma through opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the mechanism behind the opening remains unknown. To investigate the pressure threshold for inertial cavitation of preformed microbubbles during sonication, passive cavitation detection in conjunction wi...

Octyl β-D-glucopyranoside (OGP) has been reported to completely inhibit cavitation-induced cell lysis in vitro, possibly by quenching critical free-radical effects. In this study, the influence of OGP on cell lysis in a 60 rpm rotating-tube exposure apparatus was assessed. HL-60 cell lysis was estimated with a Coulter Multisizer counter. Cavitation activity from the 2.3 MHz, 30 s duration expos...

Resistance to water-stress induced cavitation is an important indicator of drought tolerance in woody species and is known to be intimately linked to the anatomy of the xylem. However, the actual mechanical properties of the pit membrane are not well known and the exact mode of air-seeding by which cavitation occurs is still uncertain. We examined the relationship between cavitation resistance ...

Cavitation is harmful to water turbines and may cause operation delays of several weeks. The real-time detection of cavitation risk is increasingly important, and even narrow cavitation-free power ranges can be utilised in load optimisation. Higher derivative signals x and x calculated from acceleration signals are very suitable for detecting impacts. This paper introduces a generalised moment ...

The effects of cavitation on vortex dynamics in a submerged, two-dimensional, planar laminar forced jet were studied numerically. A locally homogeneous cavitation model that accounts for nonlinear bubble dynamics and bubble/bubble interactions within spherical bubble clusters was employed. The effects of varying key  ow and cavitation model parameters on  ow/cavitation interactions were inves...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extreme water stress episodes induce tree mortality, but the physiological mechanisms causing tree death are still poorly understood. This study tests the hypothesis that a potted tree's ability to survive extreme monotonic water stress is determined by the cavitation resistance of its xylem tissue. METHODS Two species were selected with contrasting cavitation resistance (...

This paper studies the corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy in marine environment. Accelerated degradation test under marine environmental conditions was designed and performed based on the accelerated testing principle and the corrosion degradation mechanism. With the prolongation of marine corrosion time, the thickness of Cu₂O film increased gradually. Its corrosion product was Cu₂(O...

In the therapeutic ultrasound field, the cavitation frequently forms a bubble cloud that consists of many microbubbles. A method to control the violent collapse of cloud cavitation is being developed. It is comprised of two frequency ultrasound. The first is a higher frequency ultrasound waveform that makes cloud cavitation at the surface of the object. The second is a lower frequency waveform ...

To gain insight into the large toughness variability observed between metallic glasses (MGs), we examine the origin of fracture toughness through bending experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for two binary MGs: Pd82Si18 and Cu46Zr54 The bending experiments show that Pd82Si18 is considerably tougher than Cu46Zr54, and the higher toughness of Pd82Si18 is attributed to an ability to...

One of the causes of the breakdown of the mechanical heart valves (MHVs) is cavitation. A reliable in vitro test method to evaluate the cavitation potential has to be developed for the patients’ safety. It is the bubble implosion that damages the materials, thus observing the cavity implosion behavior is essential. According to sonoluminescence, the collapsing cavitation bubbles emit the faint ...