BACKGROUND The saliva of sand flies strongly enhances the infectivity of Leishmania in mice. Additionally, pre-exposure to saliva can protect mice from disease progression probably through the induction of a cellular immune response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analysed the cellular immune response against the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in humans and defined the phenotypic character...

INTRODUCTION The impact of tumor cells on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer development is not yet clarified. Our study analyzed the distribution and prognostic value of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases (LM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Archival tissue specimens of 35 HCC and 39 LM patients were immunohistochemically processed. The numb...

Background: Increased number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is a key histological finding in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD); however, the number of IELs in celiac patients and healthy subjects may vary from one region to another. Additionally, there are some seronegative celiac patients with a borderline histology. Objective: To determin...

OBJECTIVES To determine the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes during the time-course of adjuvant arthritis (AA) to detect alterations that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the arthritic process. METHODS Phenotype analysis was performed on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after arthritis induction using monoclonal antibodies to CD5, CD4 and CD8 subsets, and flow cytometry. The...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection requires cell surface expression of CD4. Costimulation of CD8(+)/CD4(-) T lymphocytes by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies or by allogeneic dendritic cells induced expression of CD4 and rendered these CD8 cells susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Naive CD45RA+ cells responded with greater expression of CD4 than did CD45RO+ cells. CD8(+) lymphocy...

BACKGROUND For resource-poor countries, affordable methods are required for enumeration of CD4(+) T lymphocytes of HIV-positive patients. For infants, additional determination of CD4/CD8 ratio is needed. METHODS We determine the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes as the CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) population of blood cells. Target cells are CD3-immunomagnetically separated from the whole blood...

Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis frequently have increased numbers of lymphocytes and a high ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CD4/CD8 ratio) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Some investigators have suggested that these parameters can be used to distinguish sarcoidosis from other types of interstitial lung disease with a high degree of reliability. However, we hypothesized that the ...

Abstract Background and Aims Immunosenescence, as a consequence of ageing or chronic inflammation, encompasses spectrum lymphocyte characteristics, including the presence absence certain surface molecules. Aim present study was to evaluate immunosenescent effect two different forms Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune disease end stage renal (ESRD), inflammatory disorder. Method Certa...

AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the percentage of CD4+CD25(high) cells (including Treg cells) and CD8+CD28- cells in breast cancer patients with and without high levels of autoimmune thyroid antibodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five women with breast cancer (9 of them having high thyroid antibodies) and fourteen healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was used to count...

A critical goal of vaccine development for a wide variety of pathogens is the induction of potent and durable mucosal immunity. However, it has been assumed that this goal would be difficult to achieve by systemic vaccination due to the anatomic and functional distinctness of the systemic and mucosal immune systems and the resultant compartmentalization of immune responses. In this study, we sh...