a graceful labeling of a graph g of size n is an injective assignment of integers from {0, 1,..., n} to the vertices of g, such that when each edge of g has assigned a weight, given by the absolute dierence of the labels of its end vertices, the set of weights is {1, 2,..., n}. if a graceful labeling f of a bipartite graph g assigns the smaller labels to one of the two stable sets of g, then f...

objectives: stigma is a negative value. many behaviors are to ward stigmatized people. down syndrome is one of conditions with stigma. the aim of this study is to determine the sources of labeling in iranian down syndrome. methods: the view of 105 down syndrome families concerning stigma were conducted. all of down syndrome was under 50 years. results: a fair proportion of down syndrome familie...