Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) are multinucleated phagocytes, whose central roles in regulating bone formation and homeostasis critical for normal health development. OCLs produced from precursor monocytes a multistage process that includes initial differentiation, cell–cell fusion, subsequent functional morphological maturation; the molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis is not fully un...

calprotectin, a calcium-bound protein complex, is abundant in the cytosol of neutrophils. it has been reported that this protein has an apoptotic activity in tumor cells. since calprotectin increases in colorectal cancer, this study was conducted to investigate, for the first time, the cytotoxicity/apoptotic effect of calprotectin on ht29/219 and sw742 colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell li...

in the recent years, targeted therapy of the neoplastic diseases is a current strategy used by oncologists. hence, design and discovery of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics is an interesting topic in the current research of medicinal chemistry. a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were prepared and their anticancer activity was assessed against pc3, sknmc and ht29 cell lines by ap...

Objective(s): Non-invasive treatment options for retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant eye tumor among children, are lacking. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) accelerates cell proliferation, survival, and invasion of many tumors including RB. However, RB treatment by targeting EGFR has not yet been researched. In the current study, we investigated the effect of EGFR down-regula...

background: previous investigations have revealed, cimetidine, a histamine h2-receptor antagonist, show radioprotective effects against gamma- and neutron-induced micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes. in this study, the anticlastogenic effects of famotidine and ranitidine, which act similar to cimetidine as histamine h2-receptor antagonists, was investigated. materials and methods : balb/c m...

Objective(s): High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone, DNA-binding protein that serves a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and is involved in a variety of proinflammatory, extracellular activities. The aim of this study was to explore whether HMGB1 stimulation can up-regulate the expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages from p...

Abstract The coupling of a ligand with molecular receptor induces signal that travels through the receptor, reaching internal domain and triggering response cascade. In previous work on T-cell receptors their foreign antigens, we observed presence planar patterns able to generate electromagnetic fields within proteins. These planes showed coherent (synchronized) behavior, replicating immediatel...

Death-receptor-mediated signaling results in either cell death or survival. Such opposite cascades emanate from receptor-associated complexes, which are often formed different subcellular locations. The proteins involved frequently post-translationally modified (PTM) by ubiquitination, phosphorylation, glycosylation to allow proper spatio-temporal regulation/recruitment of these complexes a def...

The programming of protocells to implement and control the functions living cells through activated membrane receptor signaling remains a challenge for development protoliving technologies. Here, we report synthetic protocell capable inducing high levels macrophage activation in vitro. An immunogenic comprising hyaluronic acid (HA)-polymer decorated with virus-like particles derived from functi...