The classic solar cell model assumes that the photo-generated current is a constant, independent of cell’s output voltage. Experimental data CdTe cells, however, show photocurrent collection efficiency decreases with increase In this work, we proposed theoretical for thin-film cell, which loss in absorber primarily due to minority carrier recombination neutral region and at back contact. By sol...

Paired electrolysis of HMF in a flow cell markedly reduces voltage and realizes co-production BHMF FDCA.

Membrane voltages are ubiquitous throughout cell biology. Voltage is most commonly associated with excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes, although many other cell types and organelles also support electrical signaling. Voltage imaging in vivo would offer unique capabilities in reporting the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of electrical signaling at the cellular and circuit le...

In the dark, the ventral photoreceptor of Limulus exhibits time-variant currents under voltage-clamp conditions; that is, if the membrane potential of the cell is clamped to a depolarized value there is an initial large outward current which slowly declines to a steady level. The current-voltage relation of the cell in the dark is nonlinear. The only ion tested which has any effect on the curre...

Connexin-36 (Cx36) is the only gap junction protein that has been unambiguously identified in rodent pancreatic beta-cells. However, properties of gap junction channel unitary currents between beta-cells remain unrevealed. To address whether Cx36 forms functional channels in beta-cells, we characterized biophysical properties of macro- and microscopic junctional currents recorded from dual whol...

The source voltage of high-power fuel cell shows strong load dependence at comparatively low voltage levels. In order to provide the voltage of 750V on the DC-link for feeding electrical energy into the mains via a three phase inverter a step-up converter with a large step-up ratio is required. The output voltage of this DC/DC-converter must be stabile during variations of the load current and ...

In this study, a new boost converter with an active snubber cell is proposed. The active snubber cell provides main switch to turn on with zero voltage transition (ZVT) and to turn off with zero current transition (ZCT). The proposed converter incorporating this snubber cell can operate with soft switching at high frequencies. Also, in this converter all semiconductor devices operate with soft ...

A new family of matrix converters is introduced, that employs relatively simple voltage-clamped buses and can generate multilevel voltage waveforms of arbitrary magnitude and frequency. The basic configuration includes a nine-switch matrix that uses four-quadrant switch cells. Each four-quadrant switch cell resembles a full-bridge inverter and can assume three voltage levels during conduction. ...

Instantly switch recording modes by using the membrane potential as the trigger. Preset a voltage threshold in current-clamp mode, and MultiClamp 700B automatically switches to voltage-clamp when the membrane potential reaches that voltage level. User-specified delay allows you to perform creative new experiments. Suppress Oscillations Sudden changes in membrane or pipette parameters may result...

It is commonly accepted that cells require K(+) channels to proliferate. The role(s) of K(+) channels in the process is, however, poorly understood. Cloning of K(+) channel genes opened the possibility to approach this problem in a way more independent from pharmacological tools. Recent work shows that several identified K(+) channels are important in both physiological and pathological cell pr...