the current research was planned to investigate the effect of maleic anhydride (man) and glycidyl methacrylate (gma) treatments on morphological and physical properties of the hornbeam wood-styrene composite. test samples were divided according to astm d4446-05 to control and treated with man, st, man/st and man /st/gma. treatment was performed by vacuum- pressure method using a experimental cy...

expansins are cell wall proteins that due to changes in ph, causing the expansion of the cell wall .these proteins are causing deformation of walls through loosening hydrogen bonds between the cellulose and polymer matrix microfibrils .in this study, a root specific gene called atexpa18 -that directly affect the formation of root hairs and also its role  have been proved in other parts of the p...

The cell wall of the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a multilayered, extracellular matrix composed of carbohydrates and 20-25 polypeptides. To learn more about the forces responsible for the integrity of this cellulose-deficient cell wall, we have begun studies to identify and characterize the framework of the wall and to determine the effects of the cell wall-degrading enzyme, l...

Introduction As the son of an artist, I grew up surrounded by drawings, paintings, and sculpture. Perhaps for that reason, making images is central to my work as a scientist. The problem I study, organ morphogenesis, requires analysis of the cell wall. Fertile approaches stretch out in many directions (see the rest of this book) but I have been drawn to architectural problems, revealing how com...

Preface From the nucleus to the apoplast: building the plant's cell wall The plant cell wall has a crucial role in any aspect of a plant's life cycle and, as a result, cell wall research touches all aspects of plant biology (Keegstra, 2010). New and exciting work on cell wall research is constantly being published that has refined and sometimes even challenged the way we see cell wall biosynthe...

The cell wall and its underlying plasma membrane represent the dynamic interface between a plant cell and its environment, which includes neighboring cells. Biology texts commonly describe plant cell walls, but rarely acknowledge the existence and importance of cell wall proteins, making them the Rodney Dangerfields of plant biology. This set of multi-author reviews provides the reader with a c...

The Candida albicans cell wall maintains the structural integrity of the organism in addition to providing a physical contact interface with the environment. The major components of the cell wall are fibrillar polysaccharides and proteins. The proteins of the cell wall are the focus of this review. Three classes of proteins are present in the candidal cell wall. One group of proteins attach to ...

The cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an elastic structure that provides osmotic and physical protection and determines the shape of the cell. The inner layer of the wall is largely responsible for the mechanical strength of the wall and also provides the attachment sites for the proteins that form the outer layer of the wall. Here we find among others the sexual agglutinins and the floc...