This research analyses upward long-wave radiation flux density from urban surfaces using a high-resolution thermal-infrared (TIR) camera and meteorological measurements in the city of Berlin, Germany. We report spatiotemporal patterns of the difference between upward long-wave radiation flux density from courtyard surfaces and the roof. Thermal patterns show persistence effects due to shadow, s...

Taiwanese traditional architecture has been classified as belonging to the Southern style of Chinese architecture. Owing to geographical and climatic conditions, and to its own history, Taiwanese architecture has diversified from mainstream Chinese architecture. This diversification has given rise to styles of buildings that were (and are) quite distinct from their Chinese origin. The authors b...