LLE Review, Volume 94 67 Introduction Large substrates for precision optical applications require the accurate, uniform deposition of multilayer thin-film coatings. Typically, this results in the use of electron-beam evaporation in a “box-coater” configuration, utilizing either simple or planetary rotation of the substrates. Simple rotation of the substrate minimizes the size of the necessary c...

As the mitral valvular apparatus tenses during systole, forces transmitted along the chordae tendineae to the left ventricular chamber may influence left ventricular performance. To test this hypothesis, 10 dogs anesthetized with fentanyl were studied during cardiopulmonary bypass. The importance of the mitral apparatus in left ventricular systolic function was assessed independent of load by m...

Introduction: Well type ionization chamber is a measuring device which is used to determine the activity of brachytherapy sources. The chamber has a cylindrical volume in which a cylindrical tube is mounted in the middle of the chamber. For the measurements, the brachytherapy sources are transferred to the middle of the tube. Materials and Methods: For designing the well type chamber, the measu...

The normal cardiac cycle is associated with dynamic changes in left ventricular shape, which can be disturbed in disease states. To assess the influences of diastolic volume, percent ejected volume, and abnormalities of acute or chronic systolic loading on general and detailed chamber geometry, we studied dynamic shape change recorded by x-ray contrast ventriculography in both normal patients a...

To investigate whether circulating blood volume contributes to left ventricular (LV) geometry, 60 outpatients with untreated, mild to moderate essential hypertension and 45 normotensives were studied. Based on echocardiographic LV mass index and relative wall thickness, four patterns of LV geometry, i.e., normal left ventricle, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy and concentric hypertr...

BACKGROUND The different geometric patterns of the left ventricle may or may not coexist with chamber dilatation. The prognostic impact of such a combination is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a cohort of 2635 initially untreated patients with hypertension, mean age 50 years. At entry, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure progressively increased across the patterns of normal geometry, co...

For a certain type of direct injection diesel engine, three-dimensional model single-cylinder complete combustion chamber and in-take/exhaust port was established. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software CONVERGE used for simulation. The effects fuel strategy geometry on emissions engine were studied while the volume, compression ratio, total quantity duration kep...

In this paper, the effect of atomizer geometry on the flow in simplex atomizers and atomizer performance is numerically investigated. A computational model based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian method has been used. The effect of changes in four non-dimensional geometric parameters on the atomizer performance is studied. These geometric parameters are the atomizer constant (ratio of inlet ...

We present the first study of the phase diagram of a thick film of superfluid He confined within a nanofabricated slab geometry. This cryogenic microfluidic chamber provides a well-defined environment for the superfluid, in which both the regular geometry and surface roughness may be fully characterised. The chamber is designed with a slab thickness d = 0.6 μm and 3 mm thick walls to allow pres...