We present a new method for the distinct specific chemical stimulation of single cells and small cell clusters within their natural environment. By single-drop release of chemical agents with droplets in size of typical cell diameters (d <30 μm) on-demand micro gradients can be generated for the specific manipulation of single cells. A single channel and a double channel agent release cartridge...

Objective: To present the successful outcome of regenerating agent (RGTA) treatment in a patient with severe ocular surface chemical injury. Methods: Case report Results: A 14-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic following chemical burn in the left eye. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40; and she had total corneal and 75% conjunctival epithelial loss, corneal haze, ...

Large-scale spatially distributed systems provide a unique and difficult control challenge because of their nonlinearity, spatial distribution and generally high order. The control structure for these systems tend to be both discrete and distributed as well and contain discrete and continuous elements. A layered control structure interfaced with complex arrays of sensors and actuators provides ...

In the process of completing a Congressionally mandated destruction of the U. S. stockpile of unitary chemical weapons, the U.S. Army decided that enhanced emergency planning was needed to reduce the consequences of an accidental release of agent. In cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, other federal agencies, and affected state and local governments, the U.S. Army is in th...

the conformation of alinidine a new and specific bradycardic agent was studied using mndo method. it has been found that the rotation of both phenyl and imidazoline ring of this compound is restricted. of two possible isomers of irnidazoline ring, the one with nh in the cis position to allyl side chain is slightly more stable. on the other hand, the allyl group can rotate freely and at least si...

As one of the most important vesicant agents, the destructive properties of mustards on the skin, eyes and respiratory system, combined with a lack of antidote, makes them effective weapons. Such weapons are inexpensive, easily obtainable and frequently stockpiled. Sulphur mustard (mustard gas) has been used as a chemical warfare agent in at least 10 conflicts. In this article, the use of musta...

For fifty years, dithiothreitol (DTT) has been the preferred reagent for the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins and other biomolecules. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of 2,3-bis(mercaptomethyl)pyrazine (BMMP), a readily accessible disulfide-reducing agent with reactivity under biological conditions that is markedly superior to DTT and other known reagents.

Chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants as well as their degradation and hydrolysis products were detected from surfaces using thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry (TD-IMS). CWA simulant materials that closely mimic the chemical structures of real CWA G/V-type nerve and S-type vesicant simulants were used in this study. Reduced mobility constants (K0) in air were reported for 20 compound...

There have been reports of chemical attacks in which sulfur mustard might have been used (a) on Iranian soldiers and civilians during the Gulf War in 1984 and 1985 and (b) in an Iraqi chemical attack on the Iranian-occupied village of Halbja in 1988, resulting in many civilian casualties. Heavy use of chemical warfare in Afghanistan by the Soviet military is a recent innovation in military tact...

Individual-based or agent-based models have proved useful in a variety of different biological contexts. This paper presents an agent-based model using a formal computational modelling approach to model a crucial biological system--the intracellular NF-kappaB signalling pathway. The pathway is vital to immune response regulation, and is fundamental to basic survival in a range of species. Alter...