Promiscuous inhibition of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel by drugs poses a major risk for life threatening arrhythmia and costly drug withdrawals. Current knowledge of this phenomenon is derived from a limited number of known drugs and tool compounds. However, in a diverse, naïve chemical library, it remains unclear which and to what degree chemical motifs or scaff...

Previous models of heterogeneous interactions have focused on reactive trace gas depletion in cloud or aerosol particles and droplets. 1,2,3 However, recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that reactive trace gas uptake can significantly transform the chemical composition of condensed phase species, as is evident from recent work on organic aerosols. 4,5 This model focuses on transformatio...

A tandem ion mobility instrument based on differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) was used to demonstrate selectivity in response through differences in field dependence of mobility for ions in purified air at ambient pressure. The concept of chemical selectivity solely from characteristic dispersion curves or from field dependence of ion mobility was experimentally demonstrated in three steps...

Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (Anemarrhena Bunge of Liliaceae). The medicine presents anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, sedative, and diuretic effects. The chemical constituents of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are complex and diverse, mainly including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, benzophenones...

Given the rich diversity of research fields usually ascribed to chemistry in a broad sense, the present paper tries to dig our characteristic parts of chemistry that can be conceptually distinguished from interdisciplinary, applied, and specialized subfields of chemistry, and that may be called chemistry in a very narrow sense, or ‘the chemical core of chemistry’. Unlike historical, ontological...

1. Chemical stimulation as a function of temperature was studied by using oxalic acid in fresh and salt water and malonic acid in salt water as stimulating agents on Fundulus. According to the Arrhenius equation the following micro values were obtained for the various acid solutions between 0 and 29 degrees C.: for 0.002N oxalic in fresh water-15,800; 33,000; for 0.0008N oxalic in fresh water-1...

In 1995, De Vos introduced a thermoeconomical analysis for heat engines working in finite time. This analysis was made by the maximization of a benefit function defined as the ratio of the power output and the total costs which are associated to the investment and the fuel consumption. The De Vos methodology has been applied to several heat engine models working at different regimes of performa...

This with the integration of distributed generation (DG) to meshed distribution systems, the operating time of the protective system becomes a major concern in order to avoid nuisance DG tripping. This paper proposes a new tripping characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) that can achieve a higher possible reduction of overall relays operating time in meshed distribution networ...

Chemical named-entity recognition (chemical NER) is the task of extracting chemical information and chemical-related entities such as drug names and source materials from text in several domains such as bioinformatics and nanoinformatics. There have been several attempts to construct corpora for handling such chemical-related information based on different corpus-construction guidelines. Even t...

Many large-scale surveys measure subjective well-being (SWB) through a single survey item. This paper takes advantages of response time data to explore the relation between time taken to answer a single SWB item and the reliability and validity of answers to this SWB item. We found that reliability and validity of answers to the SWB item are low for fast respondents aged 70 and above and slow r...