BACKGROUND One route for producing cellulosic biofuels is by the fermentation of lignocellulose-derived sugars generated from a pretreatment that can be effectively coupled with an enzymatic hydrolysis of the plant cell wall. While woody biomass exhibits a number of positive agronomic and logistical attributes, these feedstocks are significantly more recalcitrant to chemical pretreatments than ...

A comparative study among different pretreatment methods used for the fractionation of the birch outer bark components, including steam explosion, hydrothermal and organosolv treatments based on the use of ethanol/water media, is reported. The residual solid fractions have been characterized by ATR-FTIR, (13)C-solid-state NMR and morphological alterations after pretreatment were detected by sca...

During biogas production, the rate-determining step for the conversion of complex organic matter is the hydrolysis. Different pretreatment methods aid in facilitating the anaerobic digestion by increasing the rate of organic matter hydrolysis. This in effect results in enhanced production of biogas and aids in waste stabilization as well as disposal. This review gives an overview of the methods...

This study presents the effects of different activation methods to produce activated carbon from hydrolysis lignin. Pretreatment feedstock with common mineral acids (HCL, HNO3, and H3PO4), steam rates for physical activation, chemical activating agents (ZnCl2, Na2CO3, KOH) were investigated. The pretreated biomass was carbonized in one-stage process surface characteristics, such as total pore v...

Chemical composition of ceramic materials is one the key properties and its determination complex time-consuming. The melting silicon dioxide most important difficult step for determination. This paper about optimizing pretreatment method from test standard, QB/T 2578-2002 <Standard chemical by spectrophotometry>. It not convenient to use mixed flux (lithium hydroxide boric acid) material...