BACKGROUND The hazard criterion of persistence as it applies to chemicals in the environment is reviewed and discussed. This quantity can not be measured directly in the environment, thus it must be estimated using models that synthesise information on chemical half-lives and partitioning properties, the nature of the environment and how the chemical is released into the environment. MAIN FEA...

Samples containing buprenorphine and derivatives were extracted using Agilent sample prep and analyzed by gas chromatography using an Agilent J&W HP-5 column. Published by Elsevier B. V. An empirical study on the selection of analytes and corresponding cutoffs for immunoassay and GC–MS in a two-step test strategy—buprenorphine example Analyst, 9, 1848-1856 (2009) Meng-Yan Wu et al. Tags HP-5, c...

‘Contamination’ is a comparative term. In Britain at least, contaminants are trace substances; in the context of food they are distinguished from additives by whether or not there is an intention that the substances should be present when the food is consumed or prepared for consumption. Contaminants may be of natural or of technological origin: and technological contaminants may be direct or i...

Organic Medicinal ChemicalsBy M. Barrowcuff and Francis H. Carr.' Published by Messrs. BaiujERE, Tindali, and Cox, London. Price 151net. This volume is one of the Industrial Chemistry series, edited by Samuel Rideal and deals with the Synthetic Medicinal Chemicals. The various chemicals dealt with are, for the most part, grouped in sections according to their therapeutic uses. Numerous processe...

With vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, and other products like caffeine or the amino acid lysine, we are the leading producer of additives for both the food and feed industries. We provide a valuable contribution to healthy nutrition and ecologically-efficient livestock production. Active ingredients, a complete UV filter assortment, aroma chemicals and functional polymers make us partners for th...

This study was undertaken to investigate whether certain hazardous chemicals were present as components in new carpets, and if so, in what quantities. The study included analysis of eight new carpet samples that were available for retail in the UK. Some of the carpet samples contained high levels of organotins, in particular TBT (up to 47,500 ppb). One sample contained high levels (1600 ppb) of...

The kidney is the target of numerous xenobiotic toxicants, including environmental chemicals. Anatomical, physiological, and biochemical features of the kidney make it particularly sensitive to many environmental compounds. Factors contributing to the sensitivity of the kidney include: large blood flow, the presence of a variety of xenobiotic transporters and metabolizing enzymes, and concentra...

Workers in wood industries are exposed to variable medleys of chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Additional exposures include fungi, bacteria, bark and wood dusts, solvents, paints, and various other wood coatings. These individual and conglomerate exposures have been associated with diverse occupational illnesses and hazards, including cancers. In this commentary, I summarize both experime...

The ECVAM validation concept, which was defined at two validation workshops held in Amden (Switzerland) in 1990 and 1994, and which takes into account the essential elements of prevalidation and biostatistically defined prediction models, has been officially accepted by European Union (EU) Member States and by the Federal regulatory agencies of the USA and the OECD. The ECVAM validation concept...

Given the current robust forces driving sustainable production, and available biomass conversion technologies, biomass-based routes are expected to make a signifi cant impact on the production of bulk chemicals within 10 years, and a huge impact within 20–30 years. In the Port of Rotterdam there is a clear shortterm (0–10 year) substitution potential of 10–15 % of fossil oil-based bulk chemical...