We extend a technique for lower-bounding the mixing time of card-shuffling Markov chains, and use it to bound the mixing time of the Rudvalis Markov chain, as well as two variants considered by Diaconis and Saloff-Coste. We show that in each case Θ(n log n) shuffles are required for the permutation to randomize, which matches (up to constants) previously known upper bounds. In contrast, for the...

one or only a few more species of parasites. Moreover, some of the effec ive remedies such as oil of chenopodium, carbon tetrachloride etc have only limited use owing to various contraindications. Thus an ideal anthelmintic with a broad sphere of action, safe and non-toxic, well-tolerated and preferably cheap is yet to be found out. The oil extracted from the shell of cashewnut (Anacardium occi...

In previous work, we have developped methods to compute norms and spectral radii of transition operators on proper metric spaces. The operators are assumed to be invariant under a locally compact, amenable group which acts with compact quotient. Here, we present several further applications of those methods. The first concerns a generalization of an identity of Hardy, Littlewood and Pólya. The ...

This study demonstrates the value of legacy literature and historic collections as a source of data on environmental history. Chenopodium vulvaria L. has declined in northern Europe and is of conservation concern in several countries, whereas in other countries outside Europe it has naturalised and is considered an alien weed. In its European range it is considered native in the south, but the ...

BACKGROUND Most reports have indicated the antioxidant capacity of quinoa seeds. However, the leaves of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) are usually worthless and little known about their biological activities. In this study, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of the quinoa leaf extracts were explored. METHODS The crude leaf extracts of quinoa were extracted using water, 50% eth...

Quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., is an Amaranthacean, stress-tolerant plant cultivated along the Andes for the last 7000 years, challenging highly different environmental conditions ranging from Bolivia, up to 4.500 m of altitude, to sea level, in Chile. Its grains have higher nutritive value than traditional cereals and it is a promising worldwide cultivar for human consumption and nutrition...

The present laboratory experimental study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers on seed germination and seedling growth of weed plants (Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium murale L., Cassia tora L. and Cassia sophera L.). Root and aerial root aqueous extracts of Tinospora at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% concentrations were applied to determine their ...

The Amaranthaceae family is composed of about 180 genera and 2500 species. These common weeds have become increasingly relevant as triggers of allergy in the last few years, as they are able to rapidly colonize salty and arid soils in extensive desert areas. The genera Chenopodium, Salsola, and Amaranthus are the major sources of pollinosis from the Amaranthaceae family in southern Europe, west...

Chenopodium album (L.), Bathua is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus Chenopodium. In the present work, we have attempted to study different characteristics of bathua in different solvents (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, distilled water, and the mixture of all solvents in equal proportion), to understand its health benefits. Various studies were done to es...

Low temperature pulses have two effects on the circadian rhythm exhibited by stem extension rate of green Chenopodium rubrum plants. First, low temperature pulses have the same effect on the phasing of the rhythm as a dark period interrupting continuous light. Second, low temperature pulses stimulate stem extension rate during the 10 hours immediately following the end of the pulse. A differenc...