The RNA genome of retroviruses is encased within a protein capsid. To gather insight into the assembly and function of this capsid, we used electron cryotomography to image human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) particles. While the majority of viral cores appeared closed, a variety of unclosed structures including rolled sheets, extra flaps, and cores with...

We recently reported a highly protective attenuated live virus vaccine for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) based on a proviral construct (EIAVUKDeltaS2) with a genetically engineered mutation in the viral S2 gene that eliminates expression of this accessory protein. While the EIAVUKDeltaS2 vaccine provides protection from detectable infection by experimental challenge with highly virulent...

The genetic characterization and actual prevalence of EIAV in Mongolian horse in the disease endemic region is currently unknown. Here, 11 of 776 horse serum samples from four Mongolian provinces tested positive on agar gel immunodiffusion test. Genomic DNA extracted from all seropositive samples was subjected to nested PCR assay. Among these, three samples tested positive with nested PCR assay...

Antigenic relationship between purified equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus and spleen-derived antigen from EIA-infected horses was examined by immunodiffusion. Identical antigenicity of these two antigens has been proven because precipitation lines formed between the two antigens and EIA antiserum connected with each other. The results indicate that the antigenic substance derived from infect...

Wild-type strains of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) prevent superinfection of previously infected cells. A variant strain of virus that spontaneously arose during passage, EIAV(vMA-1c), can circumvent this mechanism in some cells, such as equine dermis (ED) cells, but not in others, such as equine endothelial cells. EIAV(vMA-1c) superinfection of ED cells results in a buildup of unintegr...

One hundred years ago Peyton Rous recovered a virus, now known as the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), from a chicken sarcoma, which reproduced all aspects of the tumor on injection into closely related chickens. There followed recovery of causal viruses of tumors of different morphology from 4 more of 60 chicken tumors. Subsequent studies in chickens of the biology of the first RSV isolated moved slo...

To detect the presence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in infected allantoic fluid (AF) of SPF embryonated eggs rapid hemagglutination (HA) activity after treatment with neuraminidase enzyme was used. Twenty IBV suspected materials were inoculated in SPF embryonated eggs via chorioallantoic cavity. Harvested AFs were treated with neuraminidase enzyme and the presence of IBV was detected by...