Dan Black Terra McKinnish Seth Sanders Senior Research Fellow, Carnegie Joint Doctoral Candidate Research Director, Carnegie Mellon Census Research Data Center Heinz School of Public Policy Mellon Census Research Data Center and and and Gatton College of Business and Economics Department of Statistics Heinz School of Public Policy The University of Kentucky Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie M...

This study uses the unique design of the Gautreaux residential mobility program to estimate the long-run impacts of placement neighborhood conditions on the AFDC receipt (N = 793) and employment levels (N = 1258) of low-income Black women. We find that women initially placed in neighborhoods with few Black residents and moderate to high neighborhood resources experienced significantly more time...

Despite the attention that the fertility of welfare recipients has received recently, surprisingly little is known about it. This paper answers some basic questions about the phenomenon of welfare births. Among the findings from the March 1987 Current Population Survey are that 13.4 percent of all births are into the 7.3 percent of families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFD...

The Correlates of Work in a Post-AFDC World: The Results from a Longitudinal State-Level Analysis Much of the research that has followed welfare reform and new policies such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has focused on identifying the variations in how different states have put the new policy into practice. Less is known however, about how this new policy affects the abi...

This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, supplemented with state data on welfare policy, to provide new evidence on the link between welfare and teenage out-of-wedlock childbearing in the 1979-1984 period. Logit cross-section and discrete-time hazard models are estimated separately for Hispanics, blacks and whites. The key finding is that, in contrast to the results shown in o...

The paper analyzes the effect of economic incentives in the AFDC program on the employment of AFDC mothers. Multiple regression analysis is applied to cross-sectional aggregate state program data for 1967. Our estimates indicate that the level of guarantees, tax rates and set-asides affect AFDC employment rates in the direction predicted by economic theory. Short of a drastic reduction in guara...

This paper considers the effect of child care costs on two labor market decisions of single mothers--whether to participate in the labor market and whether to receive AFDC. Weekly child care expenditures are estimated for all women in the sample (taken from the 1984 Panel of SIPP), whether or not they are currently using nonmaternal child care. These expenditures are then included as an indepen...

and obscures the secular increase in real expenditure on means-tested transfer programs taken as a whole. Indeed, Figure 1, which shows expenditures since 1968 in the 80 largest programs in the country, indicates that per-capita expenditure on means-tested programs is higher today than ever in its history. The enormous growth in real expenditure that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s, ...

In 1977, reorganization of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare brought together in the Social Security Administration three major income-maintenance system--old age, survivors, and disability insurance; supplemental security income; and aid to families with dependent children. These are distinct and separate programs differing in purpose and in methods of financing and administrati...

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 made radical changes to the way the nation provides income support to low-income families. The main program that provided cash assistance to single-parent families for over 60 years, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), was replaced with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). TANF allows sta...