Human motor control systems orchestrate complex scale-invariant patterns of activity over a wide range of time scales (minutes to hours). The neural mechanisms underlying scale-invariance are unknown in humans. In rats, the master circadian pacemaker [suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)] is crucially involved in scale-invariant activity fluctuations over multiple time scales from minutes to 24 h. Agi...

The digestion and utilization of roughage by sheep depends on rumen digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbe quantity and fermentative efficiency of rumen supplement with molasses-urea. This experiment was conducted in 2014, eight sheep were selected and divided into two groups (a control group and a treatment group), and only the treatment group animals were supplied with m...

BACKGROUND Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been well studied for the bio-oil production from biomass. However, a large amount of wastewater with high organic content is also produced during the HTL process. Therefore, the present study investigated the methane potentials of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (HTLWW) obtained from HTL of rice straw at different temperatures (170-320 °C) an...

Mesothoracic wings have been examined and compared in 32 species representing 20 genera of Afrotropical Scutelleridae. Morphological characters of the corium are described. Three main types of mesothoracic wing venation patterns can be recognized. The taxonomic significance of forewing characters in Scutelleridae is briefly discussed.

Molecular hydrogen plays a key role in structure formation during the early Universe, sometimes cooling the gas and at other times heating it. We discuss three of the key chemical reactions controling the formation of H2 during the epoch of primordial galaxy and first star formation. These are the associative detachment (AD) reaction H−+H→ H2+ e−, the mutual neutral (MN) reaction H−+H+ → H+H, a...

Prostate cancer is one of the most promising candidates for sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated gene therapy. Adenovirus-mediated expression of NIS that is driven by prostate-specific promoters induces generous radioiodine accumulation in prostate cancer cells that may be used for therapy with (131)I. We have recently developed a replication-deficient adenovirus carrying the human NIS cDNA l...

It is currently hypothesized that the drive to sleep is determined by the activity of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons, which release adenosine (AD), perhaps because of increased metabolic activity associated with the neuronal discharge during waking, and the accumulating AD begins to inhibit these neurons so that sleep-active neurons can become active. This hypothesis grew from the...

The supplementation of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes can be used to enhance the performance biogas production in industrial plants. Since structural stability these enzyme preparations is essential for efficient application, reliable methods assessment are crucial. Here, a mass-spectrometric-based assay was established monitor enzymes, i.e., integrity proteins, anaerobic digestion (AD). anal...

background: gabaergic interneurons in the hippocampal ca1 area are mutually communicated by gap junctions (gjs) composed of connexin36 (cx36). we examined the role of cx36 in ca1 in manifestation of kindled seizures and hippocampal kindling in rats. methods: quinine, as the specific blocker of cx36, was injected into ca1, and kindled seizures severity was examined 10 min afterward. moreover, qu...

AIMS The early diagnosis of acute aortic dissection (AD) remains challenging. We sought to determine the utility of the troponin-like protein of smooth muscle, calponin, as a diagnostic biomarker of acute AD. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoassays against calponin (acidic, basic, and neutral isoforms) were developed and the levels were compared in a convenience sample of 59 patients with radiograph...