Direct PCR allows the amplification of DNA from animal or plant tissue samples without need for extraction and purification steps. For this procedure, dry is homogenized, dissolved in water subsequently amplified, thus, its successful application largely depends on absence inhibitors. Although method has been successfully applied barcoding approaches invertebrates, it not yet attempted metabarc...

We present preliminary findings of the effects nematode infestation on winter-active chironomid biology, and how short-term temperature spikes could affect host-parasite interactions. Results are limited but indicate nematodes may infest communities significantly host biology. Further research insects should include investigations into parasitism to better understand climate change will surviva...