In the current investigation, chitin and chitosan are extracted from Callinectes amnicola (crab) Penaeus notialis (shrimp) shell wastes using predetermined optimization conditions. The shrimp produces higher yield (26.08%), (16.93%) degree of deacetylation (DDA) 89.73% than yields (19.36%), (13.29%) DDA crab (84.20%). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) acid-base titration methods used to obtain ...

Hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) of substrates and proppants into contaminated soils is a developing, but understudied, practice of stimulating in situ bioremediation. In this work, three different purities of the substrate crab shell chitin (SC-20, SC-40, and SC-80), two proppant loadings (sand:chitin mass ratios of 5∶1 and 15∶1), and three chloroethene concentrations (1 and 10 mg∕L trichlor...

The culture of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crabs, in Indonesia has resulted a significant increase waste production, particularly the form shells heads. This contains valuable components like chitin, chitosan, carotenoids, which can be extracted utilized aquaculture activities. Some research results show that use derived from fish feed, is functional polysaccharide with various biological a...

Nanotechnology can be used to produce slow-release fertilizers. Zeolite and crab shells are materials that as fertilizer encapsulation. This study aimed compare the effects of nano zeolite for encapsulation nitrogen- potassium fertilizers tested on Entisols Inceptisols soil growth yield shallots. The research method a completely randomized design with three factors. factors were type (Entisol I...

The crab shell (Portunus pelagicus) has many benefits, one of the benefits is used in manufacture chitooligosaccharides. was chosen because it contains 20- 30% chitin inside. Chitin can be processed into chitosan and then hydrolyzed chitooligosaccharides using enzymes. This study aims to determine type enzyme that effective process hydrolyzing with various enzymes are α-amylase, lipase, cellula...

Ocean acidification is predicted to impair marine calcifiers' abilities produce shells and skeletons. We conducted laboratory experiments investigating the impacts of CO2-induced ocean (pCO2 = 478–519, 734–835, 8,980–9,567; Ωcalcite 7.3–5.7, 5.6–4.3, 0.6–0.7) on calcification rates two estuarine calcifiers involved in a classic predator-prey model system: adult Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud c...

Most hermit crabs have a specialized lifestyle that requires them to occupy gastropod shells. The size of shells that hermit crabs inhabit relative to their body size affects their growth, survival and fecundity. In this study, the effects of shell fit on individual growth rate, risk of predation, feeding rate, and activity level were examined in the laboratory for hermit crabs Pagurus longicar...

The intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis has repeatedly evolved two parallel ecotypes assumed to be wave adapted and predatory shore crab adapted, but the magnitude and targets of predator-driven selection are unknown. In Spain, a small, wave ecotype with a large aperture from the lower shore and a large, thick-shelled crab ecotype from the upper shore meet in the mid-shore and show partial siz...

Carcinus maenas (Green Crab) is an invasive crab species on the east and west coasts of the United States dating back to 1817. The introduction of another invasive species in 1988, Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab), has created competitive interactions between the crabs. A demographic study was conducted to compare crab populations. A total of 155 crabs were collected, 25 of which were ...