In the natural sciences, concept of “(natural) tipping points” has become a hot topic in climate change research. To better understand and evaluate possibilities for barriers to fundamental societal transformations necessary mitigation, we suggest social dynamics framework. We contrast this framework with previous accounts stability show that integrating these approaches under umbrella provides...

Abstract. UCATS (the UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species) was designed and built observations of important atmospheric trace gases from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). Initially it measured major chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) stratospheric transport tracers nitrous oxide (N2O) sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), using gas chromatography with e...

Facile ligand substitution is observed when the ruthenium chloride complex [Ru(η(5)-C(9)H(7))Cl(dppe)] (dppe is diphenylphosphanyl ethane) is treated with NaN(3) in refluxing ethanol, yielding the title compound, [Ru(η(5)-C(9)H(7))(N(3))(dppe)] or [Ru(C(9)H(7))(N(3))(C(26)H(24)P(2))]. The Ru(II) atom has a typical piano-stool coordination. The Ru-P bond lengths are 2.284 (2) and 2.235 (2) Å. NM...

Montreal Protocol set world-wide goals in January 1996 to reduce the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and ultimately eliminate all CFC use. This restriction has advanced the urgent development of alternative chemicals. Recently, in a Korean electronic factory, male and female workers exposed to 2-bromopropane (2-BP), which does not seem to affect the stratospheric ozone and is therefore used a...

Single crystal catalysts have been used to investigate ethane hydrogenolysis. The apparatus used in these studies allows for catalyst preparation and surface characterization in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with an in vacua transfer to a second UHV chamber designed for high pressure kinetic studies. Kinetic measurements on single crystals of nickel show the hydrogenolysis of ethane to be “structure s...

When I was 15 years old, I learned that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from sprays such as shaving cream to pesticides could lead to “. . .the possibility of end to life on earth” [1]. After I read that article, the world seemed smaller and humanity larger. The article, published in The New Yorker, reviewed a science-to-public-to-politics story about CFCs and their purported impact on Earth’s ozone...