Cholesterol efflux was studied from cholesteryl esterladen mouse peritoneal macrophages in the presence of Tangier lipoproteins derived from fasting and postprandial sera of three patients homozygous for Tangier disease (analphalipoproteinemia). The d greater than 1.063 g/ml fractions isolated from fasting patients and 3 hr and 18 hr after an oral fat load were all effective in cellular cholest...

Cholest-8(14)-enol is the major radioactive component of the 4-di-demethyl sterol fraction biosynthesized from 4,4-dimethyl[2-(3)H(2)]cholest-8(14)-enol by rat liver microsomal fractions, and therefore the first steps in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from the latter compound probably involve removal of the 4-methyl groups. 4,4-Dimethylcholesta-8,14-dienol therefore is not an intermediate in t...

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of deaths in adults in the western world. Elevated levels of certain blood lipids have been reported to be the principal cause of cardiovascular disease and other disabilities in developed countries. Several animal and clinical trials have shown a positive association between cholesterol levels and the risks of coronary heart disease. Current ...

Protect the Arterial Wall? ALTHOUGH atherogenesis in man and in experimental animals appears to be associated with an elevation of serum cholesterol , the mechanism relating these two conditions remains obscure. Investigators usually assume that the nondiseased arterial wall exhibits a certain permeability to cholesterol that allows a balance between the influx and removal of this lipid so that...

OBJECTIVE Pharmacological LXR activation has anti-atherosclerotic actions in animal models. Part of these beneficial effects may be explained by accelerated reverse cholesterol transport since both plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and fecal neutral sterol secretion are higher upon LXR activation. Mechanisms underlying these LXR-mediated effects have not been fully elucidated. ...

The removal of excess free cholesterol from cells by HDL or its apolipoproteins is important for maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. This process is most likely compromised in the atherosclerotic lesion because the development of atherosclerosis is associated with low HDL cholesterol. Multiple mechanisms for efflux of cell cholesterol exist. Efflux of free cholesterol via aqueous diff...

SYNOPSIS Inhibition of streptolysin 0 activity by cholesterol depends on the latter being in free form. The normal esterified and protein-bound cholesterol fractions in serum do not influence streptolysin 0 activity. However, high cholesterol levels in rabbits fed cholesterol with cholic acid were associated with an increased antistreptolysin 0 effect. It is suggested that this occurs when all ...

The removal of excess free cholesterol from cells by HDL or its apolipoproteins is important for maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. This process is most likely compromised in the atherosclerotic lesion because the development of atherosclerosis is associated with low HDL cholesterol. Multiple mechanisms for efflux of cell cholesterol exist. Efflux of free cholesterol via aqueous diff...

Cholesterol is essential for mammalian cells because it plays important roles in a series of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and the maintenance of membrane integrity. However, excessive free cholesterol is toxic to cells. Therefore, cholesterol levels in individual cells, as well as in whole animals, are tightly regulated through the coordinated action of t...

The liver X receptors alpha and beta are orphan nuclear receptors that are key regulators in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Originally they were found to play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport, a pathway for the removal of excess cellular cholesterol. However several groups have now shown that the liver X receptors also functions in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell...