Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) includes vascular dementia, mixed dementia (Alzheimer’s disease [AD] with cerebrovascular disease), and vascular mild cognitive impairment, and it is a common cause of cognitive dysfunction1. Some may even contend that it is the most common cause of cognitive impairment. This is based principally on clinicopathological data showing that most aged individuals ...

MAIN RESULTS Atypical antipsychotics: six RCTs, all of risperidone or olanzapine, met inclusion criteria. Four RCTs (1380 people) found that antipsychotic treatment improved neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with placebo (see http://www.ebmentalhealth.com/supplemental for table). However, improvements were often small, and risperidone and olanzapine have been reported to increase cerebrovascul...

Nerve agents are among the most dangereous chemical warfare agents (3, 29, 40, 45). They can be (and have been) misused by terrorists (4, 31). Moreover, the whole spectrum of these agents of the same basic chemical structure covers organophosphorus insecticides (OP) – chemicals easily available, frequently used over the world and causing professional, suicidal or accidental intoxications (4). A...

Series of twenty-five benzyl (2S)-2-(arylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylates was prepared and completely characterized. All the compounds were tested for their in vitro ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the selectivity of compounds to individual cholinesterases was determined. Screening of the cytotoxicity of all the compounds was performed us...

In the 1970s and early 1980s, biochemical and neuropathological evidence emerged, implicating the degeneration of basal forebrain acetylcholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1]. The ‘cholinergic hypothesis’ of AD held that cholinergic dysfunction causes cognitive decline and that dementia therefore might be mitigated by the augmentation of acetylcholine activity in brain. The logical...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurologically degenerative disorder that affects more than 20 million people worldwide. The selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors and bivalent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors represent new treatments for AD. FINDINGS A series of lycorine derivatives (1-10) were synthesized and evaluated for anti-cholinesterase activity. Resul...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Low education has been shown to be a risk factor for dementia. However, little is known about the association between educational level and dementia drugs. METHODS We conducted a register-based study in Sweden of 645,973 people aged 75-89 years. Data on age, sex, type of residential area (urban/rural), dispensed drugs and education were analyzed from people aged 75-89 years re...

Aims. The number of approved drugs for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer disease remains limited. For this reason, there is extensive search for novel therapies. Of these, cholinesterase inhibitors have some proven benefit in slowing the disease progression and still remain the first-line therapeutic approach. In this study, the pro-cognitive effect of four novel tacrine-related inhibitors wa...

The structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase is examined in complex with several inhibitors that are either in use or under development for treating Alzheimer's disease. The noncovalent inhibitors vary greatly in their structures and bind to different sites of the enzyme, offering many different starting points for future drug design.

S: Turongkaravee S. Cost utility analysis of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Value in Health 2010;13(7):A502. Permsuwan U, Niwatananun W, Pimkrai A. Cost-utility analysis of donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in Thailand. Value in Health 2012;15:A648.