In human osteoarthritic chondrocytes, the hyaluronan receptor CD44 undergoes proteolytic cleavage at the cell surface. CD44 cleavage is thought to require transit of CD44 into cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether statins exert a protective effect on articular chondrocytes due to diminution of cholesterol. Three model systems of chondrocytes were exa...

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, plays a key role in the induction of the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes to form cartilage tissue. However, it is not clear whether BMP2 regulates the proliferation of chondrocytes. In the present study, the effect of BMP2 on the proliferation of chondrocytes and its und...

BACKGROUND Studies of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on cartilaginous cells show a broad range of outcomes. However EMFs are not yet clinically applied as standard treatment of osteoarthritis, as EMF effects are showing varying outcomes in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine effects of EMFs (5 mT or 8 mT) on osteoarthritic (OA) and non-OA chondrocytes in order to ...

Recent studies confer to IL-36α pro-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the expression and function of IL-36α in cartilage. This study sought to analyze the expression of IL-36α in healthy and OA cartilage. Next, we determined the effects of recombinant IL-36α on catabolism and inflammation in chondrocytes. For completeness, part of the signaling pathway elicited by IL-36α w...

Several studies indicated that a homeobox gene, Msx2, is implicated in regulation of skeletal development by controlling enchondral ossification as well as membranous ossification. However, the molecular basis by which Msx2 conducts chondrogenesis is currently unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Msx2 in chondrocyte differentiation using mouse primary chondrocytes and embryonic metat...

Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family, which has been shown to act as an antioxidant, whose main function is to reduce reactive oxygen species in cells. The purpose of this article was to study the effect of PRDX1 overexpression on chondrocyte apoptosis in in vitro model (exposure to IL-1β) and explore its mechanism. PRDX1 overexpression was construed and infected chon...

To make progress in cartilage repair it is essential to optimize protocols for two-dimensional cell expansion. Chondrocytes and SDSCs are promising cell sources for cartilage repair. We previously observed that priming with a specific growth factor cocktail (1 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1, 5 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, and 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-BB) in two-dime...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical properties of degenerative changes in the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine with calcium crystal deposition. METHODS Sections of the calcified ligamentum flavum harvested from 26 patients who required cervical decompression were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, im...

During endochondral bone formation, Sox9 expression starts in mesenchymal progenitors, continues in the round and flat chondrocyte stages at high levels, and ceases just prior to the hypertrophic chondrocyte stage. Sox9 is important in mesenchymal progenitors for their differentiation into chondrocytes, but its functions post-differentiation have not been determined. To investigate Sox9 functio...

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on the gene expression pattern in normal and apoptotic chondrocytes in the cervical intervertebral disc of rats. METHODS The intervertebral disc endplates of rats were digested enzymatically. The apoptosis of the chondrocytes was induced by anti-Fas antibody. BiostarR-40s microarray chips were used to investigate the gene expression pattern ...