From a long time age, human beings have chosen their place of residence and comfort so that those places would have relatively ideal natural and climatic conditions. For this reason, from the beginning, the civilizations have been formed in the susceptible natural regions such as Mesopotamia in Iran and Nile coasts in Egypt. Also, the core of human density has been made in the form of an oasis ...

India and China are two of the oldest and still extant civilizations. For Europeans, they were legendary seats of immense wealth and wisdom right up to the eighteenth century. Somewhere between the mid-eighteenth century and early nineteenth centuries, both these countries became, in the European eyes, bywords for stagnant, archaic, weak nations. For China, this happened between the adulation o...

Environmental problems have contributed to numerous collapses of civilizations in the past. Now, for the first time, a global collapse appears likely. Overpopulation, overconsumption by the rich and poor choices of technologies are major drivers; dramatic cultural change provides the main hope of averting calamity.

Estimates for the number of communicating civilizations in the galaxy, based on the so-called Drake equation, are meaningless without a plausible estimate for the probability that life will emerge on an Earth-like planet. In the absence of a theory of the origin of life, that number can be anywhere from 0 to 1. Distinguished scientists have been known to argue that life on Earth is a freak acci...

The ancient civilizations were dependent upon sophisticated systems of water management. The hydraulic engineering works found in ancient Angkor (ninth to thirteenth century AD), the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan (thirteenth to fifteenth century AD), Byzantine Constantinople (fourth to sixth century AD) and Nabatean Petra (sixth century BC to AD 106) are particularly striking because each of these...

This paper investigates the principal competing visions of global politics that are currently advanced in the public discourse about globalization in opposition to the traditional state-centered perspective. The first part of the paper develops an analysis of ideal models as cultural resources that grounds the different reading of human bonds. The second part applies the notion of ideal models ...

aside from internal historical and intellectual factors contributing to the stagnation of the islamic civilization in the last two decades, this civilization has faced a challenge in the fast growing and spreading civilization of the west. islamic thinkers, in tandem with reconstructing religious thought, have made strenuous efforts to find an internal religious answer for the emancipation of i...

thinking also led to the development of symbolic logic, geometry and various branches of mathematics in ancient Greece, India, Islam and other civilizations. These advances provided a set of rules for the manipulation of concepts, ideas and other

The potential of Big Data is widely recognized and many are seeking fortunes with Big Data today, just as they once sought fortunes by heading West in America. While success was initially limited only by creativity and passion, over time we need civilization, with all its accompanying benefits and constraints. As the field of Big Data matures, it is approaching the end of the "Wild West" era. I...

Transyears in biology have been documented thus far by the extended cosinor approach, including linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. We here confirm the existence of transyears by simulated annealing, a method originally developed for a much broader use, but described and introduced herein for validating its application to time series. The method is illustrated both on an artificial test case with kn...