The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects gases emitted by blends biodiesel with petroleum diesel at intermediate concentrations (between 10 % and 40 %) on biochemistry lichen Cladonia verticillaris (Raddi) Fr. Samples respective species were exposed during a period sixty minutes, using stationary engine, 20 (B20), 25 (B25) 30 (B30) biodiesel, from oil cotton, diesel. In 30, 60 90...

Lichen secondary metabolites are natural products of high medicinal and industrial value, which produced by the fungal symbiont (mycobiont) lichens in response to environmental changes. It has been shown that cultured mycobiont is capable metabolite production, specifically polyketides, polyketide production affected presence or absence algal cyanobacterial (photobiont). Identification synthase...

Though most of the lichenicolous fungi belong to the Ascomycetes, their phylogenetic placement based on molecular data is lacking for numerous species. In this study the phylogenetic placement of 19 species of lichenicolous fungi was determined using four loci (LSU rDNA, SSU rDNA, ITS rDNA and mtSSU). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied lichenicolous fungi are widespread across ...

How plants and microbes recognize each other and interact to form long-lasting relationships remains one of the central questions in cellular communication. The symbiosis between the filamentous fungus Cladonia grayi and the single-celled green alga Asterochloris sp. was used to determine fungal and algal genes upregulated in vitro in early lichen development. cDNA libraries of upregulated gene...

Forest fire risk in Finland is estimated with the Finnish Fire Index (FFI), which predicts fuel moisture content (FMC) of forest floor. We studied FMC variation four typical ground vegetation fuels, Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Dicranum spp., and Cladonia raw humus mature recently clear-cut stands. Of these, six were sub-xeric Pinus sylvestris stands, mesic Picea abies analysed a...

The impact of experimentally sprayed aqueous nickel solution on the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and nickel in three horizontal strata (top, 0-20 mm; middle, 20-40 mm; and base, 40-60 mm) of the cushion-forming lichen Cladina stellaris was investigated. The experimental nickel deposition range used corresponded with that from the pristine forests of the Finnish border to poll...

Risk Patterns of Hodgkin’s Disease in Los Angeles Vary by Cell Type Wendy Cozen, Jonathan Katz, and Thomas M. Mack The Association of Diet, Obesity, and Breast Cancer in Hawaii Marc T. Goodman, Abraham M. V. Nomura, Lynne R. Wilkens, and Jean Hankin The Association of Dietary Fat with Ability to Obtain Breast Fluid by Nipple Aspiration Marion M. Lee, Margaret R. Wrensch, Rei Miike, and Nicholas...