Introduction: Diffusion of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer has led to the fast emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among bacteria. Multiple classes of integrons are effective genetic elements which play a significant role in the acquisition and nosocomial dissemination of resistance factors in strains of Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobact...

Class 1 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules consisting of multiple subunits. Class 1 systems comprise about 90% of all CRISPR-Cas loci identified in bacteria and archaea and can target both DNA and RNA.

In this work, different kinetic patterns (homographic, exponential-linear and exponential) of hydraulic resistance in ultrafltration process of a colloidal system have been investigated. Exponential kinetic model, as the best approach, was employed for description of dynamic hydraulic resistance of skim milk ultrafltration at different feed flow rates (FR) (10, 30 and 46 L...

C++ satisfies the previously conflicting goals of Object-Orientation and run-time efficiency within an industrial strength language. Run-time efficiency is achieved by ignoring the meta-level aspects of Object-Orientation. In a companion paper [15] we show how extensions that replace the traditional preprocessor lexical substitution by an Object-Oriented meta-level substitution fit naturally in...

The one-dimensional nearest-neighbor totally asymmetric simple exclusion process can be constructed in the same space as a lastpassage percolation model in Z. We show that the trajectory of a second class particle in the exclusion process can be linearly mapped into the competition interface between two growing clusters in the lastpassage percolation model. Using technology built up for geodesi...

ABSTRACT. Static models of tensegrity structures are reduced to linear algebra problems, after first characterizing the problem in a vector space where direction cosines are not needed. That is, we describe the components of all member vectors as opposed to the usual practice of characterizing the statics problem in terms of the magnitude of tension vectors. While our approach enlarges (by a fa...

Object-oriented programming is considered in the context of software communities – groups of designers and developers sharing knowledge and experience. One way of fostering reuse of this experience is by establishing large collections of reusable object classes. Resulting problems include: Class packaging and class organization – how can classes and their methods be represented to simplify reus...