To achieve high coding efficiency, modern speech coders adopt hybrid coding approaches, which utilize different coding mechanisms for various classified speech segments. With known voiced/unvoiced detection, in this paper, a classified LPC quantization (CLPQ) scheme is presented to effectively encode line spectral frequencies (LSF). The proposed CLPQ scheme improves the performance of the class...

We estimate the impact of coups and top-secret coup authorizations on asset prices of partially nationalized multinational companies that stood to benefit from U.S.-backed coups. Stock returns of highly exposed firms reacted to coup authorizations classified as top-secret. The average cumulative abnormal return to a coup authorization was 9% over 4 days for a fully nationalized company, rising ...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is “a sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing, recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve” according to the international association for the study of pain (1). It is a debilitating condition of clinical importance not just because recent British and Dutch epidemiological studies show it to be more common than prev...

In this work, a number of optical switching testbeds and demonstrators are studied and analyzed. The used methodology is as follows: firstly, the principal figures of merit (FOM) of optical networks are presented, both at the high (protocol) level and at low (physical layer) level. Secondly, a framework for the classification of the several kinds of optical networks and optical switching techno...

a combination of efficiency, emissions, noise levels, and other criteria. Researchers routinely classify documents as “relevant to the current project” or “irrelevant.” Genome decoding divides chromosomes into genes, regulatory regions, signals, and so on. Pathologists identify cells as cancerous or benign. We can classify data into different groups by clustering data that are close with respec...

Since the beginning of the last two decades, many researchers have been involved in the problem of Blind Source Separation (BSS). Whilst hundreds of algorithms have been proposed to solve BSS. These algorithms are well known as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms. Nowadays, ICA algorithms have been used to deal with various applications and they are using many performance indices. T...