Nails protect the soft tissue of the tips of digits. The molecular mechanism of nail (and claw) development is largely unknown, but we have recently identified a Wnt receptor gene, Frizzled6 (Fzd6), that is mutated in a human autosomal-recessive nail dysplasia. To investigate the action of Fzd6 in claw development at the molecular level, we compared gene expression profiles of digit tips of wil...

The complete subtree (CS) method is widely accepted for the broadcast encryption. A new method for assigning keys in the CS method is proposed in this paper. The essential idea behind the proposed method is to use two trapdoor permutations. Using the trapdoor information, the key management center computes and assigns a key to each terminal so that the terminal can derive all information necess...

purpose : to evaluate the outcome of iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (piol) implantation for high myopia in a subspecialty training setting methods : iris-claw phakic artisan (ophtec b.v., groningen , the netherlands) intraocular lens implanted patients were invited for an evaluation visit: 83 eyes had been operated on by a group of 10 cornea fellows under the supervision of nine anterior seg...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to present our experience with a novel approach called the pierce and push (PP) method which uses a stainless steel centimeter probe instead of a 5 mm claw forceps to enucleate fibroids in a laparoscopic myomectomy (LM). METHODS A retrospective chart review of 90 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent an LM was performed. Cases of LM with th...

In crustaceans, muscle growth and development is complicated, and to date substantial knowledge gaps exist. In this study, the claw muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) were collected at three fattening stages for sequence by the Illumina sequencing. A total of 127.87 Gb clean data with no less than 3.94 Gb generated for each sample and the cycleQ30 pe...

Snapping shrimp use one oversized claw to generate a cavitating high speed water jet for hunting, defence and communication. This work is an experimental investigation about the jet generation. Snapping shrimp (Alpheus-bellulus) were investigated by using an enlarged transparent model reproducing the closure of the snapper claw. Flow inside the model was studied using both High-Speed Particle I...

The Erdős-Gyárfás conjecture states that every graph with minimum degree at least three has a cycle whose length is a power of 2. Since this conjecture has proven to be far from reach, Hobbs asked if the Erdős-Gyárfás conjecture holds in claw-free graphs. In this paper, we obtain some results on this question, in particular for cubic claw-free graphs.

Determining the relative contributions of diff erent ecological factors for herbivore fi tness is one key to understanding the ecology and evolution of host plant choice by herbivores. Natural enemies are increasingly being recognized as an important factor: host plants of inferior quality for development may still be used by herbivores if they provide enemy-free space (EFS). Here we used the t...

We prove that a claw-free, 2-connected graph with fewer than 18 vertices is traceable, and we determine all non-traceable, claw-free, 2-connected graphs with exactly 18 vertices and a minimal number of edges. This complements a result of Matthews on Hamiltonian graphs.

A graph is called t-perfect, if its stable set polytope is defined by nonnegativity, edge and odd-cycle inequalities. We characterise the class of all claw-free t-perfect graphs by forbidden t-minors. Moreover, we show that claw-free t-perfect graphs are 3-colourable. Such a colouring can be obtained in polynomial time.