Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic system with no common genetic "Achilles heel" that can be targeted. Most patients respond well to standard therapy, while a majority relapse, and development of an effective therapy for AML patients is still urgently needed. In this study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid (BA) significantly increased Aryl hydrocarb...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

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New technology is fundamental to sustainable development. However, inventors from industrialized countries often refuse technology transfer because they worry about reverse-engineering. When can clean technology transfer succeed? We develop a formal model of the political economy of North-South technology transfer. According to the model, technology transfer is possible if (i) the technology in...

The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD, the IEA, or their member countries, or the endorsement of any approach described herein. Expert Group oversees development of analytical papers for the purpose of providing useful and timely input to the climate change negotiations. These papers may also be useful to national policy...

Communication data management (CDM) is an important issue in high performance distributed computing where a massive amount of data exchange frequently occurs among geographically distributed components. In this paper, we review existing CDM schemes in distributed computing systems and we propose more efficient CDM schemes. Three types of quantization-based CDM schemes are proposed: the fixed qu...