the contraposition (musāmita) argument is among the arguments for proving the finitude of dimensions that has received attention in discussing physics and has yielded some philosophical consequences. contraposition argument is based on the two concepts of motion and contraposition, and by proving the impossibility of the motion of circle in case of the infinitude of dimensions, it deals with th...

Given a digraph G = (V,E) with the set of vertices V and the set of edges E, let d : F → Ω be the exterior derivative map from the space of complex-valued functions on V to the complex vector space spanned by E. We introduce the Laplacian ∆ : F → F and the label difference map d̂ : F → (Ω1)∗ of F into the dual space (Ω1)∗ of Ω and establish their connections with d. In particular, we prove that,...

Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural values, economics, materials,administrative factors and technology that influence architectural forms. The climatic solutions effecting on architecture,differ in various regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate of the province of Golestan plays an active rolein the formation and diversity of vernacular dwellings. This region i...

This paper will prove the generalized Stokes Theorem over kdimensional manifolds. We will begin from the definition of a k-dimensional manifold as well as introduce the notion of boundaries of manifolds. Using these, we will construct the necessary machinery, namely tensors, wedge products, differential forms, exterior derivatives, and integrals over manifolds, in order to prove the main result...

We discuss the algebraic way of solving the descent equations corresponding to the BRST consistency condition for the gauge anomalies and the Chern–Simons terms on a nontrivial bundle. The method of decomposing the exterior derivative as a BRST commutator is extended to the present case.

Incidents of injuries caused by tiles falling from building exterior walls are frequently reported in Taiwan. Humidity is an influential factor in tile deterioration but it is more difficult to measure the humidity inside a building structure than the humidity in an indoor environment. Therefore, a separable microsensor was developed in this study to measure the humidity of the cement mortar la...

We show how the high order finite element spaces of differential forms due to Raviart-Thomas-Nédelec-Hiptmair fit into the framework of finite element systems, in an elaboration of the finite element exterior calculus of Arnold-Falk-Winther. Based on observations by Bossavit, we provide new low order degrees of freedom. As an alternative to existing choices of bases, we provide canonical resolu...

Connections on principal bundles play a fundamental role in expressing the equations of motion for mechanical systems with symmetry in an intrinsic fashion. A discrete theory of connections on principal bundles is constructed by introducing the discrete analogue of the Atiyah sequence, with a connection corresponding to the choice of a splitting of the short exact sequence. Equivalent represent...

The Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis comprises 78 cells which cover the external surface of the embryo as a single cell layer. These cells secrete the cuticle from their exterior faces and support the body wall muscles and most of the nervous system on their interior faces. The epidermal cells arise by autonomous embryonic cell lineages but show regulative interactions after their assembly into...

Computer simulations are used to assess the impact of thermal insulation on transfer heat and moisture in exterior walls residential buildings. The effects internal external a room terraced family house compared using COMSOL Multiphysics software package, evaluating influence placement expanded polystyrene distribution wall while monitoring indoor air temperature during heating cooling regimes....