BACKGROUND Fires emit significant amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. These emissions, however, are highly variable in both space and time. Additionally, CO2 emissions estimates from fires are very uncertain. The combination of high spatial and temporal variability and substantial uncertainty associated with fire CO2 emissions can be problematic to efforts to develop remote sensing, monitoring, a...

In the CleanSky 2 ComAir study, subject tests were conducted in Fraunhofer Flight Test Facility cabin mock-up. This mock-up consists of front section a former in-service A310 hosting up to 80 passengers. 12 sessions outdoor/recirculation airflow ratio was altered from today’s typically applied fractions 88% recirculation fraction. leads increased relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) and Tota...

A sharp stratospheric emission feature at 667 cm -• in the Voyager infrared spectra of Titan is associated with the •'2 Q branch of CO2. A coupling of photochemical and radiative transfer theory yields an average mole fraction above the 110 mbar level of fco2 1.5 + 2.5 -9 = -o.8X 10 , with most of the uncertainty being due to imprecise knowledge of the vertical distribution. CO2 is found to be ...

in this work, the pc-saft equation of state (eos) has been used to model the solubility of acid gases (co2 and h2s) in two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ils) ([c8-mim][pf6] and [c8-mim][tf2n]). parameters of pure ils were estimated using experimental densities. two strategies were considered to model densities of pure ils. in strategy 1, ils were modeled as nonassociating compounds and in st...

Vertical transport by moist sub-grid scale processes such as deep convection is a well-known source of uncertainty in CO2 source/sink inversion. However, a dynamical link between vertical transport, satellite based retrievals of column mole fractions of CO2, and source/sink inversion has not yet been established. By using the same offline transport model with meteorological fields from slightly...

The identification of atmospheric CO2 observation data which are minimally influenced by very local emissions/removals is essential for trend analysis, for the estimation of regional sources and sinks, and for the modeling of long-range transport of CO2. In this study, four approaches are used to filter the atmospheric CO2 observation records from 2009 to 2011 at one World Meteorological Organi...

Inland waters were recently recognized to be important sources of methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to the atmosphere, and including inland water emissions in large scale greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets may potentially offset the estimated carbon sink in many areas. However, the lack of GHG flux measurements and well-defined inland water areas for extrapolation, make the magnitude of the po...

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of chemical feedback on respiratory motor and ventilatory output in conscious subjects ventilated on various modes of assisted mechanical ventilation. Seven subjects were connected to a ventilator and randomly ventilated on assist-volume control (AVC), pressure support (PS) or proportional assist ventilation (PAV). On each mode, the assist lev...

PURPOSE Previous investigations have reported a relationship between variables obtained from echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in systolic heart failure (HF) cohorts. The purpose of the present investigation was to perform a comparative analysis between echocardiography with TDI and CPX in patients with HF and normal ejection fraction ...

The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of CO2 efflux (δCefflux) from soil is generally interpreted to represent the actual isotopic composition of the respiratory source (δCRs). However, soils contain a large CO2 pool in airfilled pores. This pool receives CO2 from belowground respiration and exchanges CO2 with the atmosphere (via diffusion and advection) and the soil liquid phase (via dissolut...