The category theory concept of a commutative diagram is used to construct a model of the way in which symbolic processes are applied to problem solving. The model provides for a relationship between symbolic processes and the problem which depends on structural isomorphism and consistency, but is independent of similarity between symbol elements and problem elements. It is then shown that sever...

Expert way-finders in a complex large-scale environment use a “skeleton” of important paths and places to guide their problem-solving [7, 8, 1]. How is this skeleton represented? How is it acquired? And how does it help in way-finding? In this note, I describe a preliminary computational hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of the skeleton, based on the concepts in the Spatial Semantic Hierarch...

Computer tools for education have become common in university research settings. However, their practical and widespread bene t has yet to be realized. Furthermore, cognitive science literature on learning and transfer suggests that concepts acquired in a single context tend to be coupled to that context and hence are not likely to be spontaneously accessed and used in new settings [1]. Such nd...

Intelligent systems operate in the midst of a superabundance of information lacking the tags that indicate which few aspects are significant to the particular problems at hand at any given time and place. Given this wealth of information coupled with real-time processing constraints, selective attention is fundamental to any chance of success. In much of cognitive science, attentional focus is ...

A person's cognitive map. or knowledge of large-scale space, is built up from observations gathered as he travels through the environment. It acts as a problem solver to find routes and relative positions, as well as describing the current location. The TOUR model captures the mulaple representations that make up the cognitive map, the problem-solving strategies it uses, and the mechanisms for ...

Reactive Information Displays (RIDs) that track and react to a user’s attention, to present the right information at the right place and in the right time, constitute a relatively unexplored frontier in HumanComputer Interaction. While research on this topic has a two-decade history, advances have been sporadic. One reason may be the difficulty in developing models for predicting the user’s att...

objectives: the present study has investigated the effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on improving coping styles in patients with acute coronary heart disease. methods: semi-experimental in type of pretest-posttest with control group seems to be a good design for this study.22 patients with acute coronary heart disease are admitted in ccu of mashhad razavi hospital and undergo angiopl...

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Cognitive Robotics is a discipline whose origin lies in the problem of controlling robotic agents so as to make them accomplish all the required tasks. A crucial issue in this problem is that such control must not prevent the agent from behaving as autonomously as possible while operating in dynamic, partially unknown and unpredictable environments, without human assistance. In this context Cog...