Agglutinins for the meningococcus were not found in the spinal fluid of normal monkeys which had received antimeningococcic serum intravenously. The intraspinal injection of isotonic salt solution, normal horse serum, or a culture of living meningococci allows agglutinins for the meningococcus to pass from the blood to the spinal fluid of the passively immunized monkey; and the rate of the pass...

T HE COLD AGGLUTININ SYNDROME (C.A.S.) is characterized by high-titre cold agglutinins, a hemolytic anemia, Raynaud phenomena in the cold, various degrees of hemoglobinuria, and sometimes gangrene. Because of the hemolysis, the syndrome is most often classified as an autoimmune hemolytic anemia. However, treatment with ACTH, corticosteroids or splenectomy, most often used in this condition, has...

Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease is a rare hemolytic disease mediated by monoclonal IGHV4-34-encoded cold agglutinins with a predominant specificity for the blood group antigen I. Bone marrow from 54 patients was studied to type the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder better. Bone marrow biopsies showed circumscribed intra-parenchymatous nodules with small monotonous monoclonal B cel...

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is classified into primary or secondary type that associated with malignancy. agglutinins are antibodies specific for erythrocyte surface antigens. This antigen-antibody complex gets activated when blood flows through the periphery, leading to complement activation and hepatic sequestrat...

INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 186 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE GENUS MYCOPLASMA.............................. 186 Definition.................................................................... 186 Taxonomy.................................................................... 187 Relationship of Mycoplasmas to L Forms......................................

The massive agglutination observable in the shed blood of transfused rabbits, and associated not infrequently with sudden marked blood destruction, has a practical significance in connection with the untoward results of repeated transfusion from donors originally compatible; and it has special theoretical interest because the clumping of the cells is apparently an autoagglutination. To determin...

Clonal anergy is an enigmatic self-tolerance mechanism because no apparent purpose is served by retaining functionally silenced B cells bearing autoantibodies. Human autoantibodies with IGHV4-34*01 heavy chains bind to poly-N-acetyllactosamine carbohydrates (I/i antigen) on erythrocytes and B lymphocytes, cause cold agglutinin disease, and are carried by 5% of naive B cells that are anergic. We...