Background: Routine screening colonoscopy is on the rise and pathologists have to deal with the ever larger numbers of excised colonic polyps. It is very important to optimize the patients’ individual treatment and further surveillance. Pathologists play a critical role in management, as most of the clinical decisions concerning colonic polyp managemen...

Background: Complete colonic duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly that may have different presentations according to its location and size. Complete colonic duplication can occur in 15% of gastrointestinal duplication. We report two cases of complete colonic duplications, and their characteristics. Case Presentation: We present two patients with complete colonic duplication with differ...

Although oral delivery has become a widely accepted route of administration of therapeutic drugs, the gastrointestinal tract presents several formidable barriers to drug delivery. Colonic drug delivery has gained valued attention not just for the targeted delivery and effective therapy of local diseases associated with the colon but also for its potential for the delivery of proteins and therap...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by transmural inflammation. In CD, the recurrent inflammatory injury and tissue repair that occurs in the intestine can progress uncontrollably, leading to the proliferation of mesenchymal cells as well as fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. These processes thicken the bowel ...

poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is a newly described member of the PARP family of nuclear enzymes. Previous studies have shown pharmacological inhibition of PARP activity to have a beneficial role in attenuating inflammation. We developed a chemically modified 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl antisense oligonucleotide (ISIS 110251) inhibitor of PARP-2 and tested it for efficacy in the interleukin (...

The main objective of the present study was to develop colon targeted drug delivery systems for Nitrofurantoin using guar gum as a carrier. Matrix tablets containing various proportions of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using starch paste as a binder. The in-vitro drug release study was undertaken at 37±0.5°C in 0.1N Hcl for 2 hr; followed by pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (3hr) f...

The aim of study is to develop colon targeted system for metronidazole using guar gum and xanthan gum. Matrix formulations containing various proportions of guar gum and xanthan gum were prepared by wet granulation technique. Later on, multilayer tablets were prepared by using 50 mg and 100 mg of guar gum as release controlling layer on either side of (M5) matrix tablets of metronidazole. The i...

Control of immune-regulating cells in the colonic mucosa is important in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of study was to examine the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone (DX) microspheres on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats, a model for human Crohn's disease. DX microspheres and DX alone were administered orally to rats w...