CONTEXT Time allowing, euhydration can be achieved in the vast majority of individuals by drinking and eating normal beverages and meals. Important to the competitive athlete is prevention and treatment of dehydration and exercise-associated muscle cramps, as they are linked to a decline in athletic performance. Intravenous (IV) prehydration and rehydration has been proposed as an ergogenic aid...

Young athletes frequently suffer from being seen as athletes first and children second. This has consequences for their legal, civil and human rights as children (Kelly et al., 1995) and for the way in which sport organisations choose to intervene on their behalf to protect them from physical, psychological and sexual abuses (Brackenridge, 1994). Sport careers peak at different ages depending o...

No long-term injury surveillance programs exist for competitive skiing or snowboarding. The objective of this study was, therefore, to compare different methods to record injuries among World Cup athletes in alpine, freestyle, and cross-country skiing, snowboarding, ski jumping and Nordic combined. Information regarding injuries sustained during the 2006-2007 winter season was recorded through ...

Introduction: Chordoma is a rare type of low-grade malignant neoplasm that arised from the remnants of the embryonic notochord. Observed mainly in the clivus and sacrum but can occur anywhere along the spine. Several treatment approaches are described. Treatment outcomes are significantly influenced by the size and location of the tumor. Clinical presentation and follow up: We report a 19-year-...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a young athlete commonly brings to the forefront the many gaps in knowledge regarding how to predict and prevent these rare tragic events.1–3 Although the number of athletic sudden deaths is relatively small, with 100 to 150 competitive deaths during sports in the United States annually, they represent an important and emotionally charged public health issue, perha...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a young athlete commonly brings to the forefront the many gaps in knowledge regarding how to predict and prevent these rare tragic events.1–3 Although the number of athletic sudden deaths is relatively small, with 100 to 150 competitive deaths during sports in the United States annually, they represent an important and emotionally charged public health issue, perha...

Understanding how individuals navigate challenging accuracy demands required to register a legal jump is important in furthering knowledge of competitive long jumping. Identification co-ordination tendencies unique each individual emphasises the need examine presence movement solutions and presents information for individualisation training environments. In this study, key measures gait were re...

Stress response can be considered a consequence of psychological or physiological threats to the human organism. Elevated cortisol secretion represents a biological indicator of subjective stress. The extent of subjectively experienced stress depends on indiv idual coping strategies or self-regulation skills. Because of their experience with competitive pressure, athletes might show less pronou...