One of the central tenets of life-span psychology is that the process of development entails gains and losses that occur over the entire life span. Thus, Paul and Margret Baltes (1990) conceptualized successful aging as a lifelong process of maximizing gains and minimizing losses by means of three processes: selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC). This article reviews empirical studies...

Gauge functions significantly generalize the notion of a norm, and gauge optimization, as defined by Freund (1987), seeks the element of a convex set that is minimal with respect to a gauge function. This conceptually simple problem can be used to model a remarkable array of useful problems, including a special case of conic optimization, and related problems that arise in machine learning and ...

This routine solves a complex sparse non-Hermitian system of linear equations: Ax 1⁄4 b; using an RGMRES (Saad and Schultz (1986)), CGS (Sonneveld (1989)), Bi-CGSTAB(‘) (Van der Vorst (1989), Sleijpen and Fokkema (1993)), or TFQMR (Freund and Nachtigal (1991), Freund (1993)) method. F11DSF allows the following choices for the preconditioner: no preconditioning; Jacobi preconditioning (Young (19...

H. Fernau, R. Freund and M. Holzer, Character recognition with k-head finite array automata, Advances in Pattern Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1998, Volume 1451, pp 282-291. H. Fernau and R. Freund, Bounded Parallelism in Array Grammars used for Character Recognition, Advances in Structural and Syntactical Pattern Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1996, Volume 11...

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z34tmpgdx (Freund et al., 2021). Please note: publisher is not responsible for content or functionality any supporting information supplied by authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed corresponding author article.

Stimulated infrared emission from rocks: assessing a stress indicator F. T. Freund, A. Takeuchi, B. W. S. Lau, A. Al-Manaseer, C. C. Fu, N. A. Bryant, and D. Ouzounov Ecosystems Science and Technology Branch, Code SGE, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035-1000, CA, USA Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, 95192-0106 CA, USA SETI Institute, Mountain View 94043, ...

The so-called “boosting” principle was introduced by Schapire and Freund in the 1990s in relation to weak learners in the Probably Approximately Correct computational learning framework. Another practice that has developed in recent years consists in assessing the quality of evolutionary or genetic classifiers with Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. Following the RankBoost algorit...

The complex interplay between the various attractive and repulsive forces that mediate between biological membranes governs an astounding array of biological functions: cell adhesion, membrane fusion, self-assembly, binding-unbinding transition among others. In this work, the entropic repulsive force between membranes—which originates due to thermally excited fluctuations—is critically reexamin...