Neutrophils play a crucial early role during the innate response, but little is known about their possible contribution when an adaptive immune response is installed. A robust neutrophilia and a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response are present after immunization with Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We show that when FITC-labeled OVA was injected into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice, the main ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible different cellular marker expression associated with spinal cord microglial activation in different pain models. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis of CD45, CD68, and MHC class I antigen as well as CD11b and Iba-1 in the spinal cord were quantitatively compared among widely used three pain animal models, complete Freund's ...

introduction: stimulation of peptidergic fibers activates microglia in the dorsal horn. microglia activation causes fractalkine (fkn) release, a neuron-glia signal, which enhances pain. the transient vanilloid receptor 1 (trpv1) mediates the release of neuropeptides, which can subsequently activate glia. trpv1 and trpv2 are generally expressed on c and aδ fibers, respectively. expression of bot...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has been shown to stimulate epidermal proliferation and keratinization and to induce regeneration of rabbit corneal epithelium, was studied for its immunogenic potential in rabbits. Mouse-derived EGF was administered topically, subconjunctivally, intrastromally, and systemically. Systemic immunization was done both with and without complete Freund's adjuvant...

Aviecennia marina (Avicenniaceae) is an endemic plant that widely distributed in the Southern parts of Iran. This plant has been used as treatment of rheumatism arthritis among the inhabitants of Southern parts of Iran. The Avicennia marina hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and its protective efficacy was investigated using measurement of ankle diameter, total WBC and RBC count, ESR, and Pro-...

Neutrophils play a crucial early role during the innate response, but little is known about their possible contribution when an adaptive immune response is installed. A robust neutrophilia and a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response are present after immunization with Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We show that when FITC-labeled OVA was injected into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice, the main ...

To elucidate the effect of chronic inflammation on spinal nociceptive neurons in the elderly, we compared nocifensive behavior, peripheral inflammatory responses, and spinal dorsal horn neuronal activities between the aged (29-34 mo) and adult (7-12 mo) male rats after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw. Aged rats exhibited a significantly lower mechanical paw withd...

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially p38MAPK, play a pivotal role in chronic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) relieves inflammatory pain underlying the descending pathway, that is, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). However, whether EA antagonizes inflammatory pain through regulation of p38MAPK in this...