OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in allodynia of patients with complex regional pain syndrome. DESIGN A total of 14 patients were studied. Eight patients were participants of a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Six patients were studied prospectively in an open-label protocol. Patients were rated at baseline...

pinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy enhances pain relief over a long-term period, decreases the need for opioid analgesics, improves quality of life, increases the rate of return to work, and manages pain economically. These benefi ts make SCS therapy a viable treatment option for seriously injured soldiers with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The United States has recently been faced w...

Pain is the hallmark symptom of fibromyalgia (FM) and other related syndromes, but quite different from that of other rheumatic diseases, which depends on the degree of damage or inflammation in peripheral tissues. Sufferers are often defined as patients with chronic pain without an underlying mechanistic cause, and these syndromes and their symptoms are most appropriately described as "central...

Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition characterized by autonomic and inflammatory features. It occurs acutely in about 7% of patients who have limb fractures, limb surgery, or other injuries. Many cases resolve within the first year, with a smaller subset progressing to the chronic form. This transition is often paralleled by a change from "warm complex regional pain syndro...

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) represents a state of constant and often disabling pain, affecting one region (usually hand) and often occurs after a trauma whose severity does not correlate with the level of pain. The older term for this condition of chronic pain associated with motor and autonomic symptoms is reflex sympathetic dystrophy or causalgia. The aim of this review, based on co...

CONTEXT Despite recent advances in the understanding of the chronic pain concept, its diagnosis and management remains a daily challenge for clinicians and patients. Based on the published literature, this review discusses and tries to organize the current knowledge and the up-to-date clinical experience about the efficacy and safety of the use of intravenous lidocaine in treatment and preventi...

INTRODUCTION Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that can occur after a minor trauma or surgery. It is a multifactorial condition with a complex cause and even more complex pathophysiology. There are disturbances and changes in the sympathetic, somatosensory and motor nervous system, resulting in severe pain and disability. Patients with CRPS can have their quality...

CRPS is a syndrome usually affecting one or more extremities, but may affect other parts of the body. It is a disabling disease with simultaneous involvement of nerve, skin, muscle, blood vessels, and bones. CRPS is characterized by “regional”, not focal, disproportionate pain and multiple symptoms in addition to pain, which may include changes in skin blood flow resulting in a warm or cool ext...

(formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy) elicits in absence of any obvious nerve injury, whereas CRPS Type II (previously termed causalgia) is associated with injury to a major peripheral nerve. However, the clinical presentations of the two types are normally indistinguishable. Limb fracture is the most common traumatic event that precedes CRPS. Lesions of the central nervous system, e...